Multi-component Hamiltonian difference operators
Poisson algebras (17B63) Completely integrable finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, integration methods, integrability tests (37J35) Relations of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems with Lie algebras and other algebraic structures (37J37) Relations of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems with topology, geometry and differential geometry (symplectic geometry, Poisson geometry, etc.) (37J39) Linear difference operators (47B39) Poisson manifolds; Poisson groupoids and algebroids (53D17)
The paper is focused on the theory of Hamiltonian (Poisson) operators for multicomponent evolutionary differential-difference equations. The authors describe Hamiltonian operators in terms of multiplicative Poisson vertex algebras and so-called \(\theta\)-formalism. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of local Hamiltonian operators that are linear in the shift operator and its inverse and depend on the closest neighbor dynamical variables are obtained. In the 2-component case, the authors find normal forms of Hamiltonian operators and classify them. Another issue discussed in the paper concerns the Poisson cohomology related to multicomponent difference Hamiltonian structures. The authors find the Poisson cohomology groups in the case of ultralocal Hamiltonian operators and the first Hamiltonian operator of the Toda lattice. In the former case the Poisson cohomology is isomorphic to de Rham's cohomology while in the latter it turns out only the first three cohomology groups are nontrivial. Those general results are illustrated through the examples of classical and relativistic lattices of Toda and Volterra.\N\NThe paper will mainly be of interest to experts in integrable systems.
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