Nonnegative solutions of elliptic problems with sublinear indefinite nonlinearity

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2011.07.002MaRDI QIDQ647581zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 24 November 2011

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2011.07.002

concave-convex nonlinearity critical exponent indefinite sublinear nonlinearity nonnegative solution

Positive solutions to PDEs (35B09) Singular perturbations in context of PDEs (35B25) Nonlinear elliptic equations (35J60)

Review text

The author studies the existence, nonexistence and multiplicity of solutions of the problem \[ -\Delta u = a(x)u^q + \lambda b(x) u^p \quad\text{in } \Omega, \qquad u \geq 0 \quad\text{in } \Omega, \qquad u=0 \quad\text{on } \partial\Omega, \tag{\(P_\lambda\)} \] where \(\Omega\) is a bounded domain in \(\mathbb{R}^N\), \(N\geq 3\), \(\lambda\in \mathbb{R}\), \(0<q<1<p\leq 2^*-1\) with \(2^*=2N/(N-2)\), and \(a,b\) are bounded functions with \(b\geq 0\). Furthermore, \(\Omega_a=\{x\in\Omega:a(x)\geq 0 \}\), \(\Omega_a^+=\{x\in\Omega:a(x)> 0 \}\), \( \Omega_a^-=\{x\in\Omega:a(x) < 0 \}\) and \(\Omega_b^+ = \{x\in\Omega: b(x)>0 \}\) are assumed to be nonempty, and to satisfy some additional hypotheses. In this situation, solutions can vanish on parts of \(\Omega\). A function \(u\in H_0^1(\Omega)\) is said to be a solution of \((P_\lambda)\) if it is a critical point of the functional \[ F_\lambda(u) = \frac{1}{2} \int_\Omega |\nabla u|^2 - \frac{1}{q+1} \int_\Omega a(x) (u^+)^{q+1} - \frac{\lambda}{p+1} \int_\Omega b(x) (u^+)^{p+1}, \] and in addition \(u(x) > 0\) for a.e. \(x\in \Omega_a^+\). The main results are the following: Theorem 1. Suppose \(0<q<1<p\leq 2^*-1\). There is a \(\lambda^*\in (0,\infty)\) such that \((P_\lambda)\) has at least one solution for \(0<\lambda < \lambda^*\) and this solution is a local minimum for \(F_\lambda\). Furthermore, \((P_\lambda)\) does not have a solution if \(\lambda>\lambda^*\). If \(\partial\Omega\) is smooth, \((P_{\lambda^*})\) has at least one solution. Theorem 2. In the subcritical case \(0<q<1<p<2^*-1\), \((P_\lambda)\) has at least two solutions for \(0<\lambda<\lambda^*\), where \(\lambda^*\) is as in Theorem 1. Theorem 3. Under a further technical assumption on \(b\), in the critical case \(0<q<1 < p=2^*-1\), \((P_\lambda)\) has at least two solutions if \(0<\lambda<\lambda^*\), where \(\lambda^*\) is as in Theorem 1. Similar multiplicity results were obtained by \textit{A.~Ambrosetti, H.~Brezis} and \textit{G.~Cerami} [J. Funct. Anal. 122, No. 2, 519--543 (1994; Zbl 0805.35028)] for \(a \equiv b \equiv 1\) and by \textit{D. G.~de Figueiredo, J.-P.~Gossez} and \textit{P.~Ubilla} [J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 8, No. 2, 269--286 (2006; Zbl 1245.35048)] for \(a\geq 0\) and \(b\) indefinite.

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