Numbers with simply normal \beta-expansions

DOI10.1017/S0305004118000270MaRDI QIDQ5225817zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Simon Baker, Derong Kong

Publication date 29 July 2019

Published in Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.01013

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Radix representation; digital problems (11A63)

Abstract: In [Bak] the first author proved that for any $$ every $$ has a simply normal $$-expansion, where $$ is the Komornik-Loreti constant. This result is complemented by an observation made in [JSS], where it was shown that whenever $$ there exists an $$ with a unique $$-expansion, and this expansion is not simply normal. Here $$ is the unique zero in $(1,2]$ of the polynomial $x^3-x^2-2x+1$. This leaves a gap in our understanding within the interval $$. In this paper we fill this gap and prove that for any $$ every $$ has a simply normal $$-expansion. For completion, we provide a proof that for any $$, Lebesgue almost every $x$ has a simply normal $$-expansion. We also give examples of $x$ with multiple $$-expansions, none of which are simply normal. Our proofs rely on ideas from combinatorics on words and dynamical systems.

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Cited in

(6)

• Expansions in multiple bases
• Hausdorff dimension of frequency sets in beta-expansions
• Expansions in multiple bases over general alphabets
• Exceptional digit frequencies and expansions in non-integer bases
• On the complexity of the set of codings for self-similar sets and a variation on the construction of Champernowne
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