On the Reconstruction of Block-Sparse Signals With an Optimal Number of Measurements
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Abstract: Let A be an M by N matrix (M < N) which is an instance of a real random Gaussian ensemble. In compressed sensing we are interested in finding the sparsest solution to the system of equations A x = y for a given y. In general, whenever the sparsity of x is smaller than half the dimension of y then with overwhelming probability over A the sparsest solution is unique and can be found by an exhaustive search over x with an exponential time complexity for any y. The recent work of Cand'es, Donoho, and Tao shows that minimization of the L_1 norm of x subject to A x = y results in the sparsest solution provided the sparsity of x, say K, is smaller than a certain threshold for a given number of measurements. Specifically, if the dimension of y approaches the dimension of x, the sparsity of x should be K < 0.239 N. Here, we consider the case where x is d-block sparse, i.e., x consists of n = N / d blocks where each block is either a zero vector or a nonzero vector. Instead of L_1-norm relaxation, we consider the following relaxation min x | X_1 |_2 + | X_2 |_2 + ... + | X_n |_2, subject to A x = y where X_i = (x_{(i-1)d+1}, x_{(i-1)d+2}, ..., x_{i d}) for i = 1,2, ..., N. Our main result is that as n -> infty, the minimization finds the sparsest solution to Ax = y, with overwhelming probability in A, for any x whose block sparsity is k/n < 1/2 - O(epsilon), provided M/N > 1 - 1/d, and d = Omega(log(1/epsilon)/epsilon). The relaxation can be solved in polynomial time using semi-definite programming.
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