On the boundary spike layer solutions to a singularly perturbed Neumann problem

DOI10.1006/JDEQ.1996.3218MaRDI QIDQ678023zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 26 October 1997

Published in Journal of Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://semanticscholar.org/paper/1860a3063cc25548f2b31ba6f84ce82e662d4f66

Singular perturbations in context of PDEs (35B25) Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Nonlinear boundary value problems for linear elliptic equations (35J65)

Review text

This paper deals with the Neumann problem \[ \varepsilon^2\Delta u-u+u^p=0,\quad u>0\quad\text{in }\Omega,\quad {\partial u\over\partial\nu}=0\quad\text{on }\partial\Omega,\tag{1} \] where \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n\) is a smooth bounded domain, \(1<p<(n+2)/(n- 2)\) when \(n\geq 3\) and \(1<p<\infty\) when \(n=1,2\). Associated with (1) is the functional \[ v\to I(\varepsilon,\Omega,v)= {1\over 2}\int_\Omega(\varepsilon^2|\nabla v|^2+v^2)- {1\over p+1}\int_\Omega v^{p+1}. \] Solutions \(u_\varepsilon\) of (1) are called single boundary peaked if \(\lim_{\varepsilon\to 0} \varepsilon^{-n}I_\varepsilon(u_\varepsilon)= {1\over 2} I(w)\), with \(I_\varepsilon(u_\varepsilon)= I(\varepsilon,\Omega,u_\varepsilon)\), \(I(w)= I(1,\mathbb{R}^n,w)\), where \(w\) is the positive radial solution of \(\Delta w-w+ w^p=0\) in \(\mathbb{R}^n\), \(w(z)\to 0\) as \(|z|\to\infty\), \(w(0)=\max_{z\in\mathbb{R}^n} w(z)\). The author states the theorem: if \(u_\varepsilon\) is a family of single boundary peaked solutions of (1), then, as \(\varepsilon\to 0\), \(u_\varepsilon\) has only one local maximum point \(P_\varepsilon\) and \(P_\varepsilon\in\partial\Omega\). Moreover, the tangential derivative of the mean curvature of \(\partial\Omega\) at \(P_\varepsilon\) tends to zero. A converse of this theorem is also investigated. The particular case of the least-energy solutions of (1) was studied previously by \textit{W-M. Ni} and \textit{I. Takagi} [Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 44, No. 7, 819-851 (1991; Zbl 0754.35042), and Duke Math. J. 70, No. 2, 247-281 (1993; Zbl 0796.35056)]. The proof is based on a decomposition of \(u_\varepsilon\) of the form \(u_\varepsilon=\alpha_\varepsilon w_\varepsilon+v_\varepsilon\), where \(w_\varepsilon\) is the solution of \(\varepsilon^2\Delta u-u+ w^p((x-P_\varepsilon)/\varepsilon)=0\) in \(\Omega\) and \(\partial u/\partial\nu=0\) on \(\partial\Omega\), and on fine estimates for \(\alpha_\varepsilon\in\mathbb{R}^+\) and the error term \(v_\varepsilon\in H^1(\Omega)\).

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