On the intersections of nilpotent subgroups in simple groups
The paper studies a recent conjecture of \textit{F.~Lisi} and \textit{L.~Sabatini} [J. Algebra 693, 824--837 (2026; Zbl 08165365)] on intersections of Sylow subgroups. For a finite simple group \(G\) and Sylow \(p\)-subgroups \(H_p\), the main result, Theorem A, proves that there exists \(x\in G\) such that \(H_p\cap H_p^x=1\) for every \(p\in\pi(G)\), provided \(G\) is non-alternating.\N\NSince a finite nilpotent group is the direct product of its Sylow subgroups, this yields Corollary B, namely Vdovin's conjecture on nilpotent subgroups of finite simple groups, after combining the result with earlier work of \textit{R.~K.~Kurmazov} [Sib. Math. J. 54, 73--77 (2013; Zbl 1275.20003)]. The paper also derives Corollary C, which states that \(b(G,H)=2\) and \(d_G(H)=3\) for every non-trivial nilpotent subgroup \(H\) of a finite simple group \(G\) and proves a stronger statement for pairs of nilpotent subgroups: if \(G\) is a non-alternating finite simple group and \(A,B\) are nilpotent subgroups of \(G\), then \(A\cap B^x=1\) for some \(x\in G\).\N\NThe proof uses a probabilistic approach. Writing \(Q_p(G)\) for the probability that \(H_p\cap H_p^x\neq 1\) for a uniformly random element \(x\in G\), the authors show that \(\sum_{p\in\pi(G)}Q_p(G)<1\). This reduces the problem to estimating suitable upper bounds for the probabilities \(Q_p(G)\), with separate treatments for groups of Lie type and sporadic groups. The paper also includes asymptotic results on these probabilities for simple groups of Lie type, complementing recent work on symmetric and alternating groups due to \textit{P.~Diaconis et al.} [J. Algebra 689, 62--86 (2026; Zbl 08159206)] and \textit{S.~Eberhard} [J. Group Theory 29, No. 2, 237--241 (2026; Zbl 08168592)].
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