Optimal Shape Problems for Eigenvalues
The author considers the problem of finding a domain which minimizes the first eigenvalue \[ \lambda(\Omega):=\min_{u\in H_{0}^{1,2}(\Omega)}{\int_\Omega A(x)\nabla u(x)\cdot \nabla u(x)\,dx\over \int_\Omega | u(x)| ^2\,dx} \] of the elliptic operator \(\text{ div}(A(x)\nabla u(x))\) in the class \({\mathcal A}(B):=\{\Omega\subset\subset B : | \Omega| =\omega_0\}\). The coefficients of \(A(x)\) are assumed to be lipschitz on \(B\). The problem is studied through the perturbed problem \[ J_\varepsilon(u):={\int_{\{u>0\}} A\nabla u\cdot\nabla u\,dx \over \int_{\{u>0\}} | u| ^2\,dx} + f_\varepsilon(| \{u>0\}| ), \] where \[ f_\varepsilon(t):= \begin{cases} {1\over\varepsilon}\,(t-\omega_0), & t\geq\omega_0, \\ \varepsilon\,(t-\omega_0), & t\leq\omega_0.\end{cases} \] Taking \(B\) a large ball with \(| B| >>\omega_0\), and defining \(\lambda_\varepsilon:=\min_{u\in H_0^{1,2}(\Omega)} J_\varepsilon(u)\), then the value \(\lambda:=\lim_{\varepsilon\to 0}\lambda_\varepsilon\) gives the optimal eigenvalue. Existence, as well as boundedness, Hölder regularity and Lipschitz continuity of minimizers of the functional \(J_\varepsilon\) are obtained. Density estimates, for \(\varepsilon\geq\varepsilon_0>0\), imply that the support of a minimizer is a set of locally finite perimeter. Ideas from papers by \textit{H. W. Alt} and \textit{L. A. Caffarelli} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 325, 105--144 (2005; Zbl 0449.35105)] and \textit{H. W. Alt, L. A. Caffarelli} and \textit{A. Friedman} [Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa, Cl. Sci., IV. Ser. 11, 1--44 (1984; Zbl 0554.35129)] are used along the paper.
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