Periodic points of Hamiltonian surface diffeomorphisms
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Abstract: The main result of this paper is that every non-trivial Hamiltonian diffeomorphism of a closed oriented surface of genus at least one has periodic points of arbitrarily high period. The same result is true for S^2 provided the diffeomorphism has at least three fixed points. In addition we show that up to isotopy relative to its fixed point set, every orientation preserving diffeomorphism F: S --> S of a closed orientable surface has a normal form. If the fixed point set is finite this is just the Thurston normal form.
The main result is that every nontrivial diffeomorphism \(F\) of a closed oriented surface of genus at least one has periodic points of arbitrarily high periods. The same is true for \(S^2\) provided the diffeomorphism has at least three fixed points. Furthermore as a consequence the authors prove that there exist \(n>0\) and a finite set \(P \subset \text{Fix}(F)\) such that \(F^n\) is not isotopic to the identity relative to \(P\). And also, that there exist \(n>0\) and \(p>0\) such that \(F^n\) has \(k\) periodic points for every \(k\geq p\). A second result of the paper, which depends on a result of Thurston says that every orientation-preserving diffeomorphism of a closed orientable surface has a normal form up to isotopy. The main technical work is an analysis of the dynamics of an element \(f \in \mathcal P(S)\), the set of diffeomorphisms of the surface \(S\) that are isotopic to the identity relative to the set of periodic points of \(f\). From this study they construct examples and they prove that the identity is the only area-preserving element of \(\mathcal P(S)\) that fixies at least three points.
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