Persistent Homology of Geospatial Data: A Case Study with Voting
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Persistent homology and applications, topological data analysis (55N31) Simplicial sets and complexes in algebraic topology (55U10) Inference from spatial processes (62M30) Applications of statistics to social sciences (62P25) Topological data analysis (62R40) Computer graphics; computational geometry (digital and algorithmic aspects) (68U05) Mathematical geography and demography (91D20)
Abstract: A crucial step in the analysis of persistent homology is the transformation of data into an appropriate topological object (in our case, a simplicial complex). Modern packages for persistent homology often construct Vietoris--Rips or other distance-based simplicial complexes on point clouds because they are relatively easy to compute. We investigate alternative methods of constructing these complexes and the effects of making associated choices during simplicial-complex construction on the output of persistent-homology algorithms. We present two new methods for constructing simplicial complexes from two-dimensional geospatial data (such as maps). We apply these methods to a California precinct-level voting data set, demonstrating that our new constructions can capture geometric characteristics that are missed by distance-based constructions. Our new constructions can thus yield more interpretable persistence modules and barcodes for geospatial data. In particular, they are able to distinguish short-persistence features that occur only for a narrow range of distance scales (e.g., voting behaviors in densely populated cities) from short-persistence noise by incorporating information about other spatial relationships between precincts.
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Cited in
(12)- Capturing dynamics of time-varying data via topology
- Topological Data Analysis of Spatial Systems
- Analysis of spatial and spatiotemporal anomalies using persistent homology: case studies with COVID-19 data
- The (homological) persistence of gerrymandering
- Extremal event graphs: a (stable) tool for analyzing noisy time series data
- Topological data analysis of truncated contagion maps
- Persistent homology for resource coverage: a case study of access to polling sites
- Detection of small holes by the scale-invariant robust density-aware distance (RDAD) filtration
- Topological analysis of U.S. city demographics
- Coarse embeddability of Wasserstein space and the space of persistence diagrams
- A survey of simplicial, relative, and chain complex homology theories for hypergraphs
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