Phantom depth and flat base change

DOI10.1090/S0002-9939-05-08223-7MaRDI QIDQ5705538zbMATH OpenFDO

Publication date 9 November 2005

Published in Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0502246

Characteristic (p) methods (Frobenius endomorphism) and reduction to characteristic (p); tight closure (13A35) Étale and flat extensions; Henselization; Artin approximation (13B40) Dimension theory, depth, related commutative rings (catenary, etc.) (13C15)

Abstract: We prove that if

f : (R, m) o (S,)

is a flat local homomorphism,

S / m S

is Cohen-Macaulay and

F

-injective, and

R

and

S

share a weak test element, then a tight closure analogue of the (standard) formula for depth and regular sequences across flat base change holds. As a corollary, it follows that phantom depth commutes with completion for excellent local rings. We give examples to show that the analogue does not hold for surjective base change.

Review text

Let \((R,\mathfrak{m})\) be a noetherian local ring of characteristic \(p > 0\), \(R^{\circ}\) the complement of the union of the minimal prime ideals of \(R\), \(F : R\rightarrow R\), \(a\mapsto a^p\), the Frobenius endomorphism and \(M\) a finitely generated \(R\)-module. For \(e\geq 0\), the \(e\)-fold iterate of \(F\) endows \(R\) with a new \(R\)-module structure denoted \(R^{F^e}\). Let \(q\) denote \(p^e\). By endowing the abelian group \(R^{F^e}{\otimes}_RM\) (in which \(a\otimes bx = ab^q\otimes x\)) with the \(R\)-module structure given by \(b\cdot (a\otimes x) = ba\otimes x\), one gets, by definition, the \(R\)-module \(F^e(M)\). For \(x\in M\), one denotes by \(x^q\) the element \(1\otimes x\) of \(F^e(M)\). \(R\) is called \(F\)-\textit{injective} if, for every ideal \(I\subset R\), the map \(R/I\rightarrow F(R/I)\), \(x\mapsto x^p\), is injective. Now, according to \textit{M. Hochster} and \textit{C. Huneke} [J. Am. Math. Soc. 3, No. 1, 31--116 (1990; Zbl 0701.13002)], the \textit{tight closure} \(N^{\ast}_M\) of an \(R\)-submodule \(N\) of \(M\) consists of the elements \(x\in M\) for which \(\exists c\in R^{\circ}\) such that, \(\forall e >> 0\), \(cx^q\) belongs to the image of \(F^e(N)\) in \(F^e(M)\). \(c\in R^{\circ}\) is a \textit{weak test element} if \(\exists e_0\geq 0\) such that, for all triples \((x,N,M)\) with \(x\in N^{\ast}_M\), \(cx^q\) belongs to the image of \(F^e(N)\) in \(F^e(M)\), \(\forall e\geq e_0\). \textit{I. Aberbach} [Am. J. Math. 116, No. 2, 447--477 (1994; Zbl 0820.13015)] defined a tight closure analogue of depth, called \textit{phantom depth}, and showed that it satisfies analogues of many of the properties satisfied by the classical depth. \textit{N. Epstein} [``Phantom depth and stable phantom exactness, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. (to appear)] further investigated this notion and showed, in particular, that, in the case where \(R\) admits a weak test element, it can be defined as follows: \(a\in \mathfrak{m}\) is \textit{phantom} \(M\)-\textit{regular} if, \(\forall e\geq 0\), \(\forall x\in F^e(M)\), \(a^qx = 0\) implies \(x\in 0^{\ast}_{F^e(M)}\). The \textit{phantom depth} of \(M\) is then the length of the longest phantom \(M\)-regular sequence. In the paper under review, the author shows that if \(\phi : (R,\mathfrak{m})\rightarrow (S,\mathfrak{n})\) is a flat morphism of noetherian local rings of characteristic \(p > 0\), if \(R\) and \(S\) share a weak test element and if \(S/\mathfrak{m}S\) is Cohen-Macaulay and \(F\)-injective then, for every finitely generated \(R\)-module \(M\) satisfying a technical condition (related to the avoidance lemma for unions of prime ideals), one has : \[ \text{ph.depth}_RM + \text{depth}S/\mathfrak{m}S = \text{ph.depth}_S(S{\otimes}_RM). \] (The analogous result for classical depth is well known). He also shows, by counterexamples, that if \(\phi \) is surjective instead of being flat and if \(N\) is a finitely generated \(S\)-module than it does not necessarily follow that \(\text{ph.depth}_RN = \text{ph.depth}_SN\) as in the classical case.

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