Polynomials: an algorithmic approach

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This book is devoted to the study of polynomials and includes several relevant algorithms (some of them classic, others more recent) with detailed analysis of their algebraic complexity. The book is structured in four chapters. The first begins with the formal definition of the ring of polynomials and with two different ways of representing polynomials: dense and sparse form. There is a study of the complexity of polynomial operations using both ways of coding. A few basic definitions and facts on polynomials are exposed (divisibility, Euclidean algorithm, gcd, factorization, roots). Some notions of elimination theory (resultant, Bezoutian) and of polynomial interpolation are given. The chapter ends with some irreducibility criteria in one and several variables. The second chapter is based in the analytic theory of complex polynomials: the authors define different polynomial sizes (norm, Mahler measure, length and height) and give upper bounds for factors of a given polynomial. Then, many interesting results on location of roots in the complex plane are shown and finally these results are applied to integer polynomials. In the third chapter, they present the theory of finite fields and cyclotomic polynomials in order to show how the discrete fast Fourier transform gives a fast algorithm to multiply polynomials. After some results on irreducible polynomials over finite fields, both Berlekamp's algorithm and Niederreiter's algorithm for factorization of polynomials over finite fields are thoroughly discussed. In the last chapter, three algorithms to give the factorization of polynomials over the ring of integers are described: Kronecker's factorization method, the Berlekamp-Zassenhaus algorithm and the Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovász (LLL) algorithm which shows that factorization of polynomials over the ring of integers can be performed in polynomial time. The book is almost self-contained and the exposition is clear but a certain background in algebra is needed. There are many interesting exercises at the end of each section, some of them extracted of recent research papers.




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