Projectively simple rings.

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2005.04.013MaRDI QIDQ2497324zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Zinovy Reichstein, D. Rogalski, J. J. Zhang

Publication date 4 August 2006

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0401098

Abelian varieties ample line bundles Artin-Schelter regular algebras Gelfand-Kirillov dimension graded algebras noncommutative projective algebraic geometry projectively simple rings twisted homogeneous coordinate rings

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Noncommutative algebraic geometry (14A22) Automorphisms of surfaces and higher-dimensional varieties (14J50) Growth rate, Gelfand-Kirillov dimension (16P90) Graded rings and modules (associative rings and algebras) (16W50)

Abstract: We introduce the notion of a projectively simple ring, which is an infinite-dimensional graded k-algebra A such that every 2-sided ideal has finite codimension in A (over the base field k). Under some (relatively mild) additional assumptions on A, we reduce the problem of classifying such rings (in the sense explained in the paper) to the following geometric question, which we believe to be of independent interest. Let X is a smooth irreducible projective variety. An automorphism f: X -> X is called wild if it X has no proper f-invariant subvarieties. We conjecture that if X admits a wild automorphism then X is an abelian variety. We prove several results in support of this conjecture; in particular, we show that the conjecture is true if X is a curve or a surface. In the case where X is an abelian variety, we describe all wild automorphisms of X. In the last two sections we show that if A is projectively simple and admits a balanced dualizing complex, then Proj(A) is Cohen-Macaulay and Gorenstein.

Review text

An infinite dimensional graded algebra \(A\) is `projectively simple' if every quotient of \(A\) with respect to a graded ideal is finite dimensional. Every such algebra is prime, and just infinite in the usual sense, that all quotients are finite dimensional. One class of examples are graded prime PI algebras of Gelfand-Kirillov dimension \(1\) (and all PI finitely generated examples have this form). The paper studies another source of examples: given a projective scheme \(X\) with an automorphism \(\sigma\) and a line bundle \(L\) on \(X\), the `twisted homogeneous coordinate ring' \(B=B(X,L,\sigma)\) is the direct sum \(\bigoplus H^0(L_n)\), where \(L_n=L\otimes\sigma^*L\otimes\cdots\otimes(\sigma^{n-1})^*L\). When \(L\) is \(\sigma\)-ample (namely \(H^i(F\otimes L_n)=0\) for every coherent sheaf \(F\) on \(X\), every \(i>0\), and \(n\) sufficiently large), \(B\) is projectively simple iff \(\sigma\) is `wild', namely has no reduced closed subscheme of \(X\). Let \(A\) be a projectively simple Noetherian \(k\)-algebra, where \(k\) is algebraically closed. If \(A\) is strongly Noetherian (namely \(A\otimes_kR\) is Noetherian for every Noetherian \(k\)-algebra \(R\)), generated in degree \(1\), and has a point module, then \(A\) has finite codimension in some projectively simple \(B=B(X,L,\sigma)\) where \(X\) is smooth, \(\sigma\) is wild, and \(L\) is \(\sigma\)-ample. The authors thus study the following problems: (1) Classify the pairs \((X,\sigma)\), where \(X\) is a projective variety and \(\sigma\) a wild automorphism; (2) Given \((X,\sigma)\) as above, find \(\sigma\)-ample line bundles on \(X\). These problems are completely solved when \(X\) is an Abelian variety over an algebraically closed field in characteristic zero: write \(\sigma=T_b\cdot\alpha\), where \(\alpha\) is an automorphism preserving the group structure and \(T_b\) is the translation by \(b\). Then \(\sigma\) is wild iff \(\beta=\alpha-1\) is nilpotent and \(b\) generates \(X/\beta(X)\). Furthermore, any ample invertible sheaf on \(X\) is \(\sigma\)-ample. To complete the picture, the authors conjecture that every irreducible projective variety \(X\) which admits a wild automorphism must be Abelian. This is shown to be the case when \(\dim(X)\leq 2\).

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