Sufficient and necessary condition of separability for generalized Werner states

Abstract: We introduce a sufficient and necessary condition for the separability of a specific class of

N

d

-dimensional system (qudits) states, namely special generalized Werner state (SGWS):

W^{[d^{N}]} (v) = (1 - v) f r a c I^{(N)} d^{N} + v | p s i_{d}^{N} > < p s i_{d}^{N} |

, where

| p s i_{d}^{N} > = s u m_{i = 0}^{d - 1} a l p h a_{i} | i ... i >

is an entangled pure state of

N

qudits system and

a l p h a_{i}

satisfys two restrictions: (i)

s u m_{i = 0}^{d - 1} a l p h a_{i} a l p h a_{i}^{*} = 1

; (ii) Matrix

f r a c 1 d (I^{(1)} + m a t h c a l T s u m_{i e q j} a l p h a_{i} | i > < j | a l p h a_{j}^{*})

, where

m a t h c a l T = e x t t t {M i n}_{i e q j} 1 / | a l p h a_{i} a l p h a_{j} |

, is a density matrix. Our condition gives quite a simple and efficiently computable way to judge whether a given SGWS is separable or not and previously known separable conditions are shown to be special cases of our approach.

Review text

In a celebrated paper [Optics Communications 179, 447, 2000], \textit{A.O. Pittenger} and \textit{M. H. Rubin} presented for the first time a sufficient and necessary condition of separability for the generalized Werner states. Inspired by their ideas, we generalized their method to a more general case. We obtain a sufficient and necessary condition for the separability of a specific class of \(N\) \(d\)-dimensional system (qudits) states, namely special generalized Werner state (SGWS): \(W^{[d^V]}(v)=(1-v)\,\frac{I^{(N)}}{d^N}+v|\psi^N_d\rangle\langle \psi^N_d|\), where \(|\psi^N_d\rangle=\sum^{d-1}_{i=0}\alpha_i|i\cdots i\rangle\) is an entangled pure state of \(N\) qudits system and \(\alpha_i\) satisfies two restrictions: (i) \(\sum^{d-1}_{i=0}\alpha_i\alpha_i^*=1\); (ii) Matrix \(\frac1d(I^{(1)}+{\mathcal T}\sum_{i\neq j}\alpha_i|i\rangle\langle j|\alpha^*_j)\), where \({\mathcal T}=\text{Min}_{i\neq j} \{1/|\alpha_i\alpha_j|\}\), is a density matrix. Our condition gives quite a simple and efficiently computable way to judge whether a given SGWS is separable or not and previously known separable conditions are shown to be special cases of our approach.

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