Conformal deformations of metric on S 2
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Publication:1105841
Tout d'abord les AA. résolvent, sur un domaine \(D\subset S\) 2, le problème de Neumann suivant: \(\Delta u+Ke^{2u}=1\) sur D, \(\partial u/\partial n=0\) sur \(\partial D\), \(\partial D\) et K sont supposés \(C^{\infty}\). Lorsque l'aire de D est inférieure à la moitié de l'aire de S 2, le problème a une solution si K est positif quelque part. Lorsque D est un hémisphère, il suffit que \(\int_{D}K dA>\max_{x\in \partial D}(K(x),0) Aire(D).\) Puis les AA. étudient le problème de Nirenberg sur S 2: K étant une fonction \(C^{\propto}\) donnée sur la sphère, existe-t-il une métrique conforme à celle de S 2 dont la courbure soit égale à K. Ce problème a fait l'objet de nombreuses études. Dans cet article les AA. donnent une condition suffisante pour qu'une solution existe. Ils supposent que \(K>0\) admet seulement des points critiques non dégénérés, et qu'en ces points \(\Delta\) \(K\neq 0\). Si K admet \(p+1\) maxima local et q points de selle avec \(\Delta K<0\), et si \(q\neq p\) alors le problème admet une solution. Les AA. utilisent la méthode de concentration et cherche des extrema de la fonctionnelle \(Log \int Ke^{2u} dV-\int | \nabla u|^ 2 dV- 2\int u dV,\) en suivant les lignes de gradient de la fonction K. Les points critiques de K conditionnent l'obtention d'une solution.
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