Special prehomogeneous vector spaces associated to F₄, E₆, E₇, E₈ and simple Jordan algebras of rank 3.

Prehomogeneous vector spaces (11S90) Simple, semisimple, reductive (super)algebras (17B20) Simple, semisimple Jordan algebras (17C20) Differential geometry of symmetric spaces (53C35)

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To one of the four exceptional simple complex Lie algebras \(F_4\), \(E_6\), \(E_7\), \(E_8\), the author associates a prehomogeneous vector space with a semi-invariant polynomial of degree 4, and also a simple Jordan algebra of rank 3. If \(\mathfrak g\) is one of these four exceptional simple Lie algebras, then there is real form of \(\mathfrak g\) such that the associated Riemannian symmetric space is of quaternionic type and of rank 4. This real form is unique up to conjugacy. The construction of this real form uses a grading of \(\mathfrak g\), \[ {\mathfrak g}={\mathfrak g}_{-2}\oplus {\mathfrak g}_{-1}\oplus {\mathfrak g}_0\oplus {\mathfrak g}_1\oplus {\mathfrak g}_2. \] The vector space \({\mathfrak g}_1\) is prehomogeneous under the action of a group \(G_0\) with \(\text{Lie} (G_0)={\mathfrak g}_0\), with a semi-invariant polynomial of degree 4. The group \(G_0\) is reductive and its semi-simple part \(M\) (\(\text{Lie} (M)=[{\mathfrak g}_0,{\mathfrak g}_0]\)) is the conformal group of a simple complex Jordan algebra \(\mathbb V\) of rank 3: \({\mathbb V}= \text{Herm} (3,{\mathbb A})\), with \({\mathbb A}={\mathbb R,\mathbb C,\mathbb H}\) or \(\mathbb O\). On the other hand one can start from a simple complex Jordan algebra \(\mathbb V\) of rank 3. The conformal compactification \(Y\) of \(\mathbb V\) is realized as an algebraic submanifold in the projective space \(P({\mathbb W})\), and it is shown that \(\mathbb W\) is a prehomogeneous vector space with a semi-invariant polynomial of degree 4. In fact \({\mathbb W}={\mathfrak g}_1\) in the grading above. Furthermore the author establishes algebraic equations for the submanifold \(Y\subset P({\mathbb W})\).

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