Spectral asymptotics for canonical systems

Particular ordinary differential operators (Dirac, one-dimensional Schrödinger, etc.) (34L40) Asymptotic distributions of eigenvalues in context of PDEs (35P20) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10)

Abstract: Based on continuity properties of the de Branges correspondence, we develop a new approach to study the high-energy behavior of Weyl-Titchmarsh and spectral functions of

2 i m e s 2

first order canonical systems. Our results improve several classical results and solve open problems posed by previous authors. Furthermore, they are applied to radial Dirac and radial Schr"odinger operators as well as to Krein strings and generalized indefinite strings.

Review text

Asymptotic formulas are derived for the Weyl-Titchmarsh \(m\)-function (and the spectral function) for the \(2 \times 2\) systems, \[ JY' + QY = zHY, \text{ where } J = \begin{pmatrix} 0&-1\\ 1&0 \end{pmatrix} \] on \(0 < x <L\), for some \(0<L \leq \infty\) where \(Q(x)\), and \(H(x)\) are locally integrable \(2 \times 2\) Hermitian matrices with real entries and \(H(x) \geq 0\) and \(H(x) \neq 0\) almost everywhere. Three examples are given for which the \(m\)-function \(m(z)\) can be computed explicitly. Then the main results characterize all ``canonical systems (as above but with \(Q=0\) and \(\operatorname{tr}H\) =1) for which the asymptotic behavior in the high energy limit (as \(z \to \infty\)) of \(m(z)\) matches that of one of the examples. This step uses a result of \textit{L. de Branges} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 99, 118--152 (1961; Zbl 0100.06901)] establishing a one to one continuous correspondence between ``canonical systems and their \(m\)-functions; the \(m\)-functions make up the subset of holomorphic functions on \(\mathbb{C}\setminus \mathbb{R}\) known as ``Herglotz-Nevanlinna functions with the topology of local uniform convergence. The remainder of the paper involves applications, some known, some new, to find spectral asymptotics for radial Dirac and Schrödinger operators and for Krein strings and generalized indefinite strings.

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