Periodic points of algebraic functions and Deuring's class number formula

Abstract: The exact set of periodic points in

o v e r l i n e m a t h b b Q

of the algebraic function

w i d e h a t F (z) = (- 1 p m s q r t 1 - z^{4}) / z^{2}

is shown to consist of the coordinates of certain solutions

(x, y) = (p i, x i)

of the Fermat equation

x^{4} + y^{4} = 1

in ring class fields

O m e g a_{f}

over imaginary quadratic fields

K = m a t h b b Q (s q r t - d)

of odd conductor

f

, where

- d e q u i v 1

(mod

8

). This is shown to result from the fact that the

2

-adic function

F (z) = (- 1 + s q r t 1 - z^{4}) / z^{2}

is a lift of the Frobenius automorphism on the coordinates

p i

for which

| p i |_{2} < 1

, for any

d e q u i v 7

(mod

8

), when considered as elements of the maximal unramified extension

e x t s f K_{2}

of the

2

-adic field

m a t h b b Q_{2}

. This gives an interpretation of the case

p = 2

of a class number formula of Deuring. An algebraic method of computing these periodic points and the corresponding class equations

H_{- d} (x)

is given that is applicable for small periods. The pre-periodic points of

w i d e h a t F (z)

in

o v e r l i n e m a t h b b Q

are also determined.

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