Optimal paths for symmetric actions in the unitary group

DOI10.1007/S00220-014-2041-XMaRDI QIDQ2016038zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Jorge Antezana, Gabriel Larotonda, A. Varela

Publication date 18 June 2014

Published in Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1107.2439, http://hdl.handle.net/11336/37335

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Miscellaneous inequalities involving matrices (15A45) Orthogonal matrices (15B10) Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, and related matrices (15B57) Analysis on real and complex Lie groups (22E30) Variational problems in applications to the theory of geodesics (problems in one independent variable) (58E10)

Abstract: Given a positive and unitarily invariant Lagrangian L defined in the algebra of Hermitian matrices, and a fixed interval $[a,b]subsetmathbbR$, we study the action defined in the Lie group of $nimesn$ unitary matrices $mathcalU(n)$ by ${\displaystyle }$ S(alpha)=int_a^b L(dotalpha(t)),dt,, ${\displaystyle }$ where $alpha:[a,b]omathcalU(n)$ is a rectifiable curve. We prove that the one-parameter subgroups of $mathcalU(n)$ are the optimal paths, provided the spectrum of the exponent is bounded by $pi$. Moreover, if L is strictly convex, we prove that one-parameter subgroups are the unique optimal curves joining given endpoints. Finally, we also study the connection of these results with unitarily invariant metrics in $mathcalU(n)$ as well as angular metrics in the Grassmann manifold

Review text

Let \({\mathcal L}\) be a symmetric Lagrangian defined on the algebra of \(n\times n\) complex matrices, i.e. \[ {\mathcal L}:M_n(\mathbb{C})\to \mathbb{R}^+ , \] \({\mathcal L}\) is convex and \({\mathcal L}(UAV)={\mathcal L}(A)\) for \(U,V\in{\mathcal U}(n)\) (the unitary group of \(M_n(\mathbb{C})\)). Examples of symmetric Lagrangians are the unitarily invariant norms in \(M_n(\mathbb{C})\), and the kinetic energy (square of the Frobenius norm). The action \({\mathcal S}\) induced by \({\mathcal L}\) is the functional \[ {\mathcal S}(\alpha)=\int_a^b {\mathcal L}(\dot{\alpha}(t)) dt \] defined on piecewise smooth curves in \({\mathcal U}(n)\). The main results of this paper are the following: Theorem 7: If \(U\in{\mathcal U}(n)\) and \(Z^*=Z\) with \(\|Z\|\leq \pi\), then \[ \gamma(t)=Ue^{itZ/b} \] is minimal for the action \({\mathcal S}\), among piecewise smooth curves \(\alpha:[0,b]\to {\mathcal U}(n)\) such that \(\alpha(0)=U\), \(\alpha(b)=\gamma(b)\). Theorem 12: Assuming further that \({\mathcal L}\) is strictly convex, the above curve \(\gamma\) is unique among minimal curves joining the same endpoints as \(\gamma\). These results are based on a fine theorem by \textit{R. C. Thompson} [Pac. J. Math. 66, 285--290 (1976; Zbl 0361.15014)]: If \(X,Y\in M_n(\mathbb{C})\), then there exist \(U,V\in{\mathcal U}(n)\) such that \[ |X+Y|\leq U|X|U^*+V|Y|V^*. \]

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Cited in

(13)

• Geometric significance of Toeplitz kernels
• Metric geometry of infinite-dimensional Lie groups and their homogeneous spaces
• Minimal curves in \(\mathcal{U}(n)\) and \(\mathcal{G}l(n)^+\) with respect to the spectral and the trace norms
• Jordan triple endomorphisms and isometries of unitary groups
• Hopf-Rinow theorem in Grassmann manifolds of C^ -algebras
• Short geodesics for Ad invariant metrics in locally exponential Lie groups
• Functional analysis techniques in optimization and metrization problems
• Geodesics of projections in von Neumann algebras
• Finsler geometries on strictly accretive matrices
• Hofer's metric in compact Lie groups
• Weakly invariant norms: geometry of spheres in the space of skew-Hermitian matrices
• Thompson-type formulae
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