A free boundary problem driven by the biharmonic operator

DOI10.2140/PAA.2020.2.875MaRDI QIDQ2020188zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Serena Dipierro, A. L. Karakhanyan, Enrico Valdinoci

Publication date 23 April 2021

Published in Pure and Applied Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.07696

zbMATH Keywords

biharmonic operatorfree boundary

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Biharmonic, polyharmonic functions and equations, Poisson's equation in two dimensions (31A30) Biharmonic and polyharmonic equations and functions in higher dimensions (31B30) Free boundary problems for PDEs (35R35)

Abstract: In this paper we consider the minimization of the functional [ J[u]:=int_Omega |Delta u|^2+chi_{{u>0}} ] in the admissible class of functions [ mathcal A:= left{uin W^{2, 2}(Omega) {mbox{ s.t. }} u-u_0in W^{1,2}_0(Omega) ight}. ] Here, $Omega$ is a smooth and bounded domain and $u_{0}in{W}^{2,2}(Omega)$ is a given function defining the Navier type boundary condition. The scale invariance of the problem suggests that, at the singular points of the free boundary, quadratic growth of $u$ is expected. We prove that $u$ is quadratically nondegenerate at the singular free boundary points using a refinement of Whitney's cube decomposition, which applies, if, for instance, the set $u>0$ is a John domain. The optimal growth is linked with the approximate symmetries of the free boundary. More precisely, if at small scales the free boundary can be approximated by zero level sets of a quadratic degree two homogeneous polynomial, then we say that $partialu>0$ is rank-2 flat. Using a dichotomy method for nonlinear free boundary problems, we also show that, at the free boundary points $xinOmega$ where $ablau(x)=0$, the free boundary is either well approximated by zero sets of quadratic polynomials, i.e. $partialu>0$ is rank-2 flat, or $u$ has quadratic growth. Differently from the classical free boundary problems driven by the Laplacian operator, the one-phase minimizers present structural differences with respect to the minimizers, and one notion is not included into the other. In addition, one-phase minimizers arise from the combination of a volume type free boundary problem and an obstacle type problem, hence their growth condition is influenced in a non-standard way by these two ingredients.

Review text

For smooth and bounded domains \(\Omega \in \mathbb R^n\), the authors study the minimization of the functional \[ J[u]:=\int_\Omega \Big(|\Delta u|^2+ \chi_{\{u>0\}}\Big) \] in the admissible class of functions \[ \mathcal A:= \left\{u\in W^{2, 2}(\Omega) \mid u-u_0\in W^{1,2}_0(\Omega) \right\}, \] where \(u_0\in W^{2,2}(\Omega)\) is a given function (defining the Navier type boundary condition). In special, it is concluded that \(u\) is quadratically nondegenerate at the singular free boundary points and that at the free boundary points \(x\in \Omega\), where \(\nabla u(x)=0\), the free boundary is either well approximated by zero sets of quadratic polynomials or \(u\) has quadratic growth. In the particular case of \(n=2\), much more detailed results are achieved.

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Cited in

(10)

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• The biharmonic Alt-Caffarelli problem in 2D
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