Preimage cardinalities of continuous functions

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2021.107688MaRDI QIDQ2029622zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Seljon Akhmedli

Publication date 3 June 2021

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.07946

zbMATH Keywords

continuous functionspreimage cardinalities

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Continuity and related questions (modulus of continuity, semicontinuity, discontinuities, etc.) for real functions in one variable (26A15) Real-valued functions in general topology (54C30)

Abstract: We find all subsets of $mathbbN$ which occur as the set of possible cardinalities of preimages of a continuous function. We also study and answer this question for various subclasses of continuous functions.

Review text

Given a continuous function \(f:[0,1]\to\mathbb{R}\), let \[\Omega_f=\{ n\in\mathbb{N}\cup\{\infty\}: \exists {y\in\mathbb{R}}\; |f^{-1}(y)|=n\}\] Let \(\mathcal{F}\) be the family of all continuous functions such that \(\Omega_f\subset\mathbb{N}\), i.e., \(f^{-1}(y)\) is finite for all \(y\in\mathbb{R}\). The paper under review contains two theorems. Theorem 1 characterizes sets \(S\subset\mathbb{N}\) such that \(S=\Omega_f\) for some \(f\in\mathcal{F}\). An analogous problem for real analytic functions is solved in Theorem 2. Reviewer's remark. For a continuous function \(f:[0,1]\to\mathbb{R}\), the function \(j_f: y \mapsto |f^{-1}(y)|\) is called a \textit{Banach indicatrix} of \(f\). A characterization of Banach indicatrices for continuous functions is given by \textit{A. Kwiatkowska} [Acta Math. Hung. 121, No. 3, 229--242 (2008; Zbl 1199.03032)], see also [\textit{K. Ciesielski} et al., Real Anal. Exch. 23, No. 2, 671--687 (1998; Zbl 0943.26012)].

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Cites work

• Invitation to complex analysis

Cited in

(8)

• Continuous functions taking every value a given number of times
• Continuous and smooth images of sets
• On the cardinality of the family of precomplete classes in \(P_{E}\)
• Selivanovski hard sets are hard
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6518606 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4125700 (Why is no real title available?)
• The Cardinality of Sets of Functions
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7141631 (Why is no real title available?)

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