C^m solutions of semialgebraic or definable equations

Model theory of ordered structures; o-minimality (03C64) Semialgebraic sets and related spaces (14P10) Matrices over function rings in one or more variables (15A54) (C^infty)-functions, quasi-analytic functions (26E10) Quasi-analytic and other classes of functions of one complex variable (30D60) Semi-analytic sets, subanalytic sets, and generalizations (32B20) Constructive functional analysis (46S30)

Abstract: We address the question of whether geometric conditions on the given data can be preserved by a solution in (1) the Whitney extension problem, and (2) the Brenner-Fefferman-Hochster-Koll'ar problem, both for

m a t h c a l C^{m}

functions. Our results involve a certain loss of differentiability. Problem (2) concerns the solution of a system of linear equations

A (x) G (x) = F (x)

, where

A

is a matrix of functions on

m a t h b b R^{n}

, and

F

,

G

are vector-valued functions. Suppose the entries of

A (x)

are semialgebraic (or, more generally, definable in a suitable o-minimal structure). Then we find

r = r (m)

such that, if

F (x)

is definable and the system admits a

m a t h c a l C^{r}

solution

G (x)

, then there is a

m a t h c a l C^{m}

definable solution. Likewise in problem (1), given a closed definable subset

X

of

m a t h b b R^{n}

, we find

r = r (m)

such that if

g : X o m a t h b b R

is definable and extends to a

m a t h c a l C^{r}

function on

m a t h b b R^{n}

, then there is a

m a t h c a l C^{m}

definable extension.

Review text

This paper gives affirmative partial answers on semialgebraic and definable solutions of the Whitney extension problem and the Brenner-Fefferman-Hochster-Kollár problem. The main results are as follows: \begin{itemize} \item[(1)] Let \(X\) be a closed semialgebraic subset of \(\mathbb R^n\). Then there exists \(r:\mathbb N \rightarrow \mathbb N\) such that, for all \(m \in \mathbb N\), if a semialgebraic function \(g:X \rightarrow \mathbb R\) extends to a \(\mathcal C^{r(m)}\) function on \(\mathbb R^n\), then \(g\) also has a \(\mathcal C^m\) semialgebraic extension. \item[(2)] Let \(A(x)\) be \(p \times q\) matrix whose entries are semialgebraic functions on \(\mathbb R^n\). Then there exists a function \(r:\mathbb N \rightarrow \mathbb N\) such that, for all \(m \in \mathbb N\), if \(F:\mathbb R^n \rightarrow \mathbb R^p\) is semialgebraic and the system of equations \(A(x)G(x)=F(x)\) admits a \(\mathcal C^{r(m)}\) solution \(G(x)\), then there is a semialgebraic \(\mathcal C^m\) solution. \end{itemize} The assertions (1) and (2) are also true for sets and functions definable in an o-minimal expansion of the reals by restricted quasianalytic functions. They are deduced from the following assertion (3) and a large part of the paper is devoted to its proof. \begin{itemize} \item[(3)] Let \(M\) be a Nash submanifold of \(\mathbb R^N\) (or \(\mathcal C^{\infty}\) definable in a polynomially-bounded o-minimal structure). Let \(A(x)\) be \(p \times q\) matrix whose entries are Nash (or \(\mathcal C^{\infty}\) definable) functions on \(M\) and \(\varphi:M \rightarrow \mathbb R^n\) be a proper Nash (or \(\mathcal C^{\infty}\) definable) map. Then there exists a function \(r:\mathbb N \rightarrow \mathbb N\) such that, for all \(m \in \mathbb N\), if \(f:M \rightarrow \mathbb R^p\) is semialgebraic (or definable) and the system of equations \(f(x)=A(x)g(\varphi(x))\) admits a \(\mathcal C^{r(m)}\) solution \(g(x)\), then there is a semialgebraic (or definable) \(\mathcal C^m\) solution \(g\). \end{itemize} The strategy of its proof is roughly as follows: The definable version of Whitney's extension theorem ([\textit{K. Kurdyka} et al., Stud. Math. 224, No. 1, 81--96 (2009; Zbl 1318.14052)] and [\textit{A. Thamrongthanyalak}, Ann. Pol. Math. 119, No. 1, 49--67 (2017; Zbl 1420.03084)]) reduces the problem to the existence of a definable \(\mathcal C^m\) Whitney field. We next decompose the definable sets into strata so that the restriction of \(\varphi\) to each stratum is trivial; that is, it is \(\mathcal C^\infty\) definably isomorphic to a projection. We introduce the notion of modules of relations and, by investigating them, we find a function \(r:\mathbb N \rightarrow \mathbb N\) such that the sum of terms of degree \(\leq r(m)\) of the given formal solution is a definable \(\mathcal C^{p}\) Whitney field on each stratum, where \(p\) is given by a function of \(m\) and the decomposition. The above definable \(\mathcal C^{p}\) Whitney fields define a definable \(\mathcal C^m\) Whitney field on \(M\) thanks to [\textit{E. Bierstone} et al., Duke Math. J. 83, No. 3, 607--620 (1996; Zbl 0868.32011)].

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