On the equality of two-variable general functional means

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Publication:2055249



Abstract: Given two functions f,g:IomathbfR and a probability measure mu on the Borel subsets of [0,1], the two-variable mean Mf,g;mu:I2oI is defined by M_{f,g;mu}(x,y) :=�igg(frac{f}{g}�igg)^{-1}left( frac{int_0^1 f�ig(tx+(1-t)y�ig)dmu(t)} {int_0^1 g�ig(tx+(1-t)y�ig)dmu(t)} ight) qquad(x,yin I). This class of means includes quasiarithmetic as well as Cauchy and Bajraktarevi'c means. The aim of this paper is, for a fixed probability measure mu, to study their equality problem, i.e., to characterize those pairs of functions (f,g) and (F,G) such that M_{f,g;mu}(x,y)=M_{F,G;mu}(x,y) qquad(x,yin I) holds. Under at most sixth-order differentiability assumptions for the unknown functions f,g and F,G, we obtain several necessary conditions for the solutions of the above functional equation. For two particular measures, a complete description is obtained. These latter results offer eight equivalent conditions for the equality of Bajraktarevi'c means and of Cauchy means.


A continuous function \(M:I^2 \to I\) is called a two-variable mean on \(I\) if there holds the mean value inequality \[\min(x,y) \le M(x,y) \le \max (x,y) \quad (x,y \in I),\] where \(I\) is an open interval in \(\mathbb{R}\). The authors obtain a characterization of those pairs of functions \((f,g)\) and \((F,G)\) for which \[M_{f,g:\mu}(x,y)=M_{F,G:\mu}(x,y)\] holds. Here \[M_{f,g:\mu}(x,y):=\left(\frac{f}{g}\right)^{-1}\left(\frac{\int^{1}_{0}f(tx+(1-t)yd\mu(t)}{\int^{1}_{0}fg(tx+(1-t)yd\mu(t)}\right)\quad (x,y \in I),\] and \(\mu\) is a Borel measure on subsets of \([0,1].\) Under at most sixth-order differentiability assumptions for the unknown functions \(f, g\) and \(F,G\), the authors obtain several necessary conditions in terms of ordinary differential equations for existence of solutions of the above equation. For two particular measures, a complete description is obtained. These results offer eight equivalent conditions for Bajraktarević and Cauchy means.











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