Derived representation schemes and Nakajima quiver varieties

DOI10.1007/S00029-021-00724-4MaRDI QIDQ2064046zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Stefano D'Alesio

Publication date 4 January 2022

Published in Selecta Mathematica. New Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.09282

zbMATH Keywords

derived representation scheme equivariant \(K\)-theory Nakajima quiver variety

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Applications of vector bundles and moduli spaces in mathematical physics (twistor theory, instantons, quantum field theory) (14D21) Syzygies, resolutions, complexes in associative algebras (16E05) Differential graded algebras and applications (associative algebraic aspects) (16E45) Representations of quivers and partially ordered sets (16G20) Equivariant (K)-theory (19L47)

Abstract: We introduce a derived representation scheme associated with a quiver, which may be thought of as a derived version of a Nakajima variety. We exhibit an explicit model for the derived representation scheme as a Koszul complex and by doing so we show that it has vanishing higher homology if and only if the moment map defining the corresponding Nakajima variety is flat. In this case we prove a comparison theorem relating isotypical components of the representation scheme to equivariant K-theoretic classes of tautological bundles on the Nakajima variety. As a corollary of this result we obtain some integral formulas present in the mathematical and physical literature since a few years, such as the formula for Nekrasov partition function for the moduli space of framed instantons on

S^{4}

. On the technical side we extend the theory of relative derived representation schemes by introducing derived partial character schemes associated with reductive subgroups of the general linear group and constructing an equivariant version of the derived representation functor for algebras with a rational action of an algebraic torus.

Review text

The paper develops, following [\textit{Y. Berest} et al., Contemp. Math. 607, 113--162 (2014; Zbl 1333.16014)], the notion of equivariant derived representation schemes \(X = \mathrm{DRep}_V(A)\) for an algebra \(A\) carrying an action of an algebraic torus \(T\); for a group \(G\) acting on the vector space \(V\), the invariants \(X^G = \mathrm{DRep}^G_V(A)\) are also considered. Their classical truncations are the ordinary representation scheme \(\pi_0(X) = \mathrm{Rep}_V(A)\) and its quotient \(\pi_0(X^G) = \mathrm{Rep}_V(A) /\!/ G\) respectively. When \(X\) is affine, the author defines the important \(K\)-theoretic invariant \([X]^{\mathrm{vir}} = \sum_i (-1)^i H_i(\mathcal{O}_{X,\bullet}) \in K_T(\pi_0(X))\), which functions as a virtual class for \(\pi_0(X)\), and similarly for \(X^G\). This theory is then applied to Nakajima quiver varieties as the primary application. These are remarkable algebraic symplectic reductions \(\mathfrak{M}_Q^\chi = \mu^{-1}(0) /\!/_\chi G\) associated to a quiver \(Q\) and stability condition \(\chi\). Here \(\mu\colon M(Q) \to \mathfrak{g}^*\) is the moment map for the \(G\)-action on \(M(Q)\), the ordinary representation scheme for a framed and doubled version of (the path algebra of) \(Q\). A main result here is that \(X = \mathrm{DRep}(Q)\), the derived version of \(\mu^{-1}(0)\), is the affine derived scheme \(\mathrm{Spec}(\mathcal{O}(M(Q)) \otimes \wedge^\bullet \mathfrak{g})\) associated to the Koszul complex of \(\mu\) on \(M(Q)\). This Koszul complex is checked to be exact (except in degree \(0\)) iff \(\mu\) is flat, whence one obtains formulas such as \[ p_*[\mathcal{O}_{\mathfrak{M}^\chi}] = [\mathcal{O}_{\mathfrak{M}^0}] = ([X]^{\mathrm{vir}})^G \in K_T(\mathfrak{M}_Q^0) \] where \(p\colon \mathfrak{M}^\chi_Q \to \mathfrak{M}^0_Q\) is the GIT affinization map. The Weyl integration formula applied to the rhs therefore yields an integral formula for the lhs. With a bit more work, other \(G\)-isotypic components of \([X]^{\mathrm{vir}}\) (aside from the trivial one above) are identified with \(p_*[\mathcal{V}]\) for appropriately-twisted tautological bundles \([\mathcal{V}] \in K_T(\mathfrak{M}^\chi)\), with similar integral formulas. Such \(K\)-theoretic integral formulas are common in the physics literature on supersymmetric gauge theories. Explicit examples are given for the simplest Nakajima quiver varieties: the cotangent bundle of Grassmannians, with a view toward symplectic duality, and the moduli of instantons on \(\mathbb{C}^2\).

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(8)

This page was built for publication: Derived representation schemes and Nakajima quiver varieties

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q2064046)