The Chow ring of hyperkähler varieties of K3^[2]-type via Lefschetz actions
For a smooth projective variety \(X\) over \(\mathbb C\), let \(H^*(X)\) and \(\operatorname{CH}^*(X)\) be the cohomology ring and the Chow ring with coefficients in \(\mathbb Q\), respectively. The grading operator \(h \colon H^*(X) \rightarrow H^*(X)\) is given by multiplication with \(k-n\) in degree \(k\). For an element \(a \in H^2(X)\) such that \(e_a^k \colon H^{n-k}(X) \rightarrow H^{n+k}(X)\) is an isomorphim for all \(1 \leq k \leq n\), where \(e_a\) denotes the cup product with \(a\), there exists a unique operator \(f_a\) such that \([e_a,f_a] = h\). The Néron-Severi Lie algebra of \(X\) is the Lie algebra \(\mathfrak g_{\mathrm{NS}}(X)\) generated by the so-called Lefschetz triples \((e_a,f_a,h)\) with \(a \in H^{1,1}(X,\mathbb Q)\). In the present paper, the author conjectures (Conjecture 1.2) that if \(X\) is a hyperkähler variety of \(K3^{[2]}\)-type, then there exists a map \(\varphi\colon \mathfrak g_{\mathrm{NS}}(X) \rightarrow \operatorname{CH}^*(X \times X)\) lifting the natural inclusion \(\mathfrak g_{\mathrm{NS}}(X) \hookrightarrow \operatorname{End}_\mathbb Q H^*(X)\) through the cycle class map \(\operatorname{CH}^*(X \times X) \rightarrow \operatorname{End}_\mathbb Q H^*(X)\). The map \(\varphi\) is given explicitly by \(\varphi(e_a) = \Delta_*(a)\), \(\varphi(f_a) = F_a\) and \(\varphi(h) = H\), where \(\Delta \colon X \rightarrow X \times X\) is the diagonal embedding and \(F_a \in \operatorname{CH}^3(X \times X)\), \(H \in \operatorname{CH}^4(X \times X)\) are defined using Markman's canonical lift \(L \in \operatorname{CH}^2(X \times X)\) of the cohomology class \(\mathfrak B\) associated to the Beauville-Bogomolov bilinear form on \(H^2(X)\) [\textit{E. Markman}, J. Algebr. Geom. 29, No. 2, 199--245 (2020; Zbl 1439.14123)]. The conjecture was proven by [\textit{G. Oberdieck}, Comment. Math. Helv. 96, No. 1, 65--77 (2021; Zbl 1462.14040)] in the case that \(X = S^{[2]}\), where \(S\) is a projective K3 surface. The conjecture is re-proven in the present paper by showing that the given lifts \(F_a, H\) agree with the lifts provided by Oberdieck in terms of Nakajima operators (Proposition 1.1, Proposition 3.21). A weaker form of the conjecture is proven in the case that \(X\) is the Fano variety of lines of a smooth cubic fourfold. The author then moves on to prove that two decompositions of \(\operatorname{CH}^*(X)\) agree in the case that \(X\) is a hyperkähler variety of \(K3^{[2]}\)-type with a lift \(L\) of \(\mathfrak B\) satisfying certain relations (Theorem 1.7). The first decomposition is the eigenspace decomposition with respect to the operator \(H_* \in \operatorname{End}_\mathbb Q(\operatorname{CH}^*(X)\), while the second decomposition is the Fourier decomposition given by the correspondence \(e^L \in \operatorname{CH}^*(X \times X)\) studied by [\textit{M. Shen} and \textit{C. Vial}, The Fourier transform for certain hyperkähler fourfolds. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (2016; Zbl 1386.14025)].
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