The unbounded Kasparov product by a differentiable module

DOI10.4171/JNCG/402MaRDI QIDQ2073788zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 8 February 2022

Published in Journal of Noncommutative Geometry (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1509.09063

Hilbert \(C^*\)-modules twisted spectral triples unbounded \(KK\)-theory unbounded Kasparov product

Kasparov theory ((KK)-theory) (19K35) (C^*)-modules (46L08) Noncommutative differential geometry (46L87) Noncommutative geometry (à la Connes) (58B34)

Abstract: In this paper we investigate the unbounded Kasparov product between a differentiable module and an unbounded cycle of a very general kind that includes all unbounded Kasparov modules and hence also all spectral triples. Our assumptions on the differentiable module are weak and we do in particular not require that it satisfies any kind of smooth projectivity conditions. The algebras that we work with are furthermore not required to possess a smooth approximate identity. The lack of an adequate projectivity condition on our differentiable module entails that the usual class of unbounded Kasparov modules is not flexible enough to accommodate the unbounded Kasparov product and it becomes necessary to twist the commutator condition by an automorphism. We show that the unbounded Kasparov product makes sense in this twisted setting and that it recovers the usual interior Kasparov product after taking bounded transforms. Since our unbounded cycles are twisted (or modular) we are not able to apply the work of Kucerovsky for recognizing unbounded representatives for the bounded Kasparov product, instead we rely directly on the connection criterion developed by Connes and Skandalis. In fact, since we do not impose any twisted Lipschitz regularity conditions on our unbounded cycles, even the passage from an unbounded cycle to a bounded Kasparov module requires a substantial amount of extra care.

Review text

One of the main features of the \(K\!K\)-theory of \(C^*\)-algebras developed by \textit{G. G. Kasparov} [Math. USSR, Izv. 16, 513--572 (1981; Zbl 0464.46054)] is the bilinear and associative product \[ K\!K_n(A,B)\times K\!K_m(B,C)\to K\!K_{n+m}(A,C) \] between the \(K\!K\)-groups associated to (separable) \(C^*\)-algebras \(A,B\) and \(C\). This paper focuses on the problem of constructing the above product at the level of \textit{unbounded} cycles: given two unbounded Kasparov modules, the goal is finding an \textit{explicit} unbounded Kasparov module which represents the Kasparov product. This is important for at least two reasons: \begin{itemize} \item it allows for bypassing technical results like the so-called ``absoprtion and technical theorems; \item the unbounded version of the product retains a larger amount of geometric data (relating to the asymptotic behavior of eigenvalues of differential operators). \end{itemize} The specific case considered here is where the class in \(K\!K(A,B)\) is represented by a \(C^*\)-correspondence whose left action (the action of \(A\)) is compact, while the class in \(K\!K(B,C)\) is represented by an unbounded self-adjoint and regular operator (acting on a \(C^*\)-correspondence from \(B\) to \(C\)). One of the main contributions of the paper is that the construction is carried out without imposing any kind of smooth projectivity condition on the \(A\)-\(B\)-correspondenece. This is relevant in view of examples arising from non-complete manifolds. Secondly, the text introduces a notion of unbounded \textit{modular cycle}, somewhat related to the concept of twisted spectral triple considered by \textit{A. Connes} and \textit{H. Moscovici} [in: Traces in number theory, geometry and quantum fields. Wiesbaden: Vieweg. 57--71 (2008; Zbl 1159.46041)] and the half-closed chains of \textit{M. Hilsum} [Math. Scand. 107, No. 1, 73--89 (2010; Zbl 1198.19005)]. Unbounded Kasparov modules are a special case of unbounded modular cycles. Given such a modular cycle, the paper also introduces a bounded transform, similarly to the work of \textit{S. Baaj} and \textit{P. Julg} [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. I 296, 875--878 (1983; Zbl 0551.46041)], turning a modular cycle into a \(K\!K\)-class. The transform considered here entails much technical care, mainly due to the (seemingly innocent) passage from straight commutators to twisted commutators. The identification of the Kasparov product involving the aforementioned objects relies on the concept of \(F_2\)-connection introduced by \textit{A. Connes} and \textit{G. Skandalis} [Publ. Res. Inst. Math. Sci. 20, 1139--1183 (1984; Zbl 0575.58030)]. Another key ingredient in the paper is the local-global principle for unbounded regular operators [\textit{J. Kaad} and \textit{M. Lesch}, J. Funct. Anal. 262, No. 10, 4540--4569 (2012; Zbl 1251.46030); \textit{F. Pierrot}, J. Lie Theory 16, No. 4, 651--689 (2006; Zbl 1152.22006)]. It is worth noting that standard methods (in the unbounded setting), like those of \textit{D. Kucerovsky} [J. Oper. Theory 44, No. 2, 255--275 (2000; Zbl 0996.46030)], do not apply in the general context of modular cycles, contributing to the technical difficulty of the proof.

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