Deformations of Lagrangian submanifolds in log-symplectic manifolds

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2022.108202MaRDI QIDQ2074827zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 11 February 2022

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.01146

deformations Lagrangian submanifolds log-symplectic manifolds

Differential graded algebras and applications (associative algebraic aspects) (16E45) Lagrangian submanifolds; Maslov index (53D12) Poisson manifolds; Poisson groupoids and algebroids (53D17) Deformations of general structures on manifolds (58H15)

Abstract: This paper is devoted to deformations of Lagrangian submanifolds contained in the singular locus of a log-symplectic manifold. We prove a normal form result for the log-symplectic structure around such a Lagrangian, which we use to extract algebraic and geometric information about the Lagrangian deformations. We show that the deformation problem is governed by a DGLA, we discuss whether the Lagrangian admits deformations not contained in the singular locus, and we give precise criteria for unobstructedness of first order deformations. We also address equivalences of deformations, showing that the gauge equivalence relation of the DGLA corresponds with the geometric notion of equivalence by Hamiltonian isotopies. We discuss the corresponding moduli space, and we prove a rigidity statement for the more flexible equivalence relation by Poisson isotopies.

Review text

In this paper, the authors study topics on the deformation of those Lagrangian submanifolds that are contained in the singular locus of a log-symplectic manifold. They define the notion of a Lagrangian submanifold \(L\) in a Poisson manifold \(\left( M,\Pi\right) \) by the characteristic properties: for any \(p\in L\), (i) \(T_{p}L\cap T_{p}\mathcal{O}\) is a Lagrangian subspace of the symplectic vector space \(T_{p}\mathcal{O}\) for the symplectic leaf \(\mathcal{O}\) of \(\left( M,\Pi\right) \) with \(p\in\mathcal{O}\), and (ii) \(\Pi_{p}^{\#}\left( \left( T_{p}L\right) ^{0}\right) =T_{p}L\cap T_{p}\mathcal{O}\) for the annihilator \(\left( T_{p}L\right) ^{0}\subset T_{p}^{\ast}M\) of \(T_{p}L\) and the canonical bundle map \(\Pi^{\#}:T^{\ast}M\rightarrow TM\). Then it is shown that any Lagrangian submanifold \(L\) transversal to the symplectic leaves of \(\left( M,\Pi\right) \) has a neighborhood which is Poisson diffeomorphic to a neighborhood of \(L\) in the Poisson manifold \(\left( T^{\ast}\mathcal{F}_{L},\Pi_{can}\right) \), where \(\mathcal{F}_{L}\) is the foliation on \(L\) induced by a foliation \(\mathcal{F}\) (proved to exist) by symplectic leaves in some neighborhood of \(L\) in \(M\) and \(\Pi_{can}\) is the canonical Poisson structure on the total space of the leafwise cotangent bundle \(T^{\ast }\mathcal{F}_{L}\rightarrow L\). By a log-symplectic manifold, we mean a \(2n\)-dimensional Poisson manifold \(\left( M,\Pi\right) \) with the section \(\wedge^{n}\Pi\) being transversal to the zero section of the line bundle \(\wedge^{2n}TM\), and the submanifold \(Z:=\left( \wedge^{n}\Pi\right) ^{-1}\left( 0\right) \) is called the singular locus of \(\left( M,\Pi\right) \). The authors focus on the study of Lagrangian submanifolds \(L\) contained in the singular locus \(Z\) of a \(2n\)-dimensional log-symplectic manifold \(\left( M,\Pi\right) \), and such a manifold \(L\) has a codimension-one foliation \(\mathcal{F}_{L}\). It is shown that the modular class of \(\left( M,\Pi\right) \) can be represented by a pair \(\left( \left[ \gamma\right] ,\left[ X\right] \right) \in H^{1}\left( \mathcal{F}_{L}\right) \times H^{0}\left( \mathcal{F}_{L}\right) \) for some closed foliation 1-form \(\gamma\in\Omega_{cl}^{1}\left( \mathcal{F}_{L}\right) \) and \(\mathcal{F}_{L}\)-preserving vector field \(X\mathfrak{\in}\mathfrak{X}\left( L\right) ^{\mathcal{F}_{L}}\) where the foliated de Rham cohomology \(H^{0}\left( \mathcal{F}_{L}\right) \cong\mathfrak{X}\left( L\right) ^{\mathcal{F}_{L}}/\Gamma\left( T\mathcal{F}_{L}\right) \). A normal form theorem describing, in the context of \(T^{\ast}\mathcal{F}_{L}\times\mathbb{R}\), the log-symplectic structure of a tubular neighborhood of \(L\) is presented, and Lagrangian deformations \(\mathcal{C}^{1}\)-close to \(L\) are shown to be exactly the graphs of sections \(\left( \alpha,f\right) \) of the vector bundle \(T^{\ast}\mathcal{F}_{L}\times\mathbb{R}\rightarrow L\) satisfying the system of equations \(d_{\mathcal{F}_{L}}\alpha=0\) and \(d_{\mathcal{F}_{L}}f+f\left( \gamma-\mathcal{L}_{X}\alpha\right) =0\), which is the Maurer-Cartan equation of a differential graded Lie algebra introduced in general by Cattaneo and Felder. Now assume that \(L\) is compact and connected. It is proved that if \(\mathcal{F}_{L}\) is the fiber foliation of a fiber bundle \(L\rightarrow S^{1}\), all \(\mathcal{C}^{1}\)-small deformations of \(L\) stay inside \(Z\) when \(\left[ \gamma|_{B}\right] \neq0\in H^{1}\left( B\right) \) for all leaves \(B\) of \(\mathcal{F}_{L}\). On the other hand, if \(\mathcal{F}_{L}\) has dense leaves and \(\dim\left( H^{1}\left( \mathcal{F}_{L}\right) \right) <\infty \), then all \(\mathcal{C}^{\infty}\)-small deformations of \(L\) stay inside \(Z\) when \(\gamma\in\Omega_{cl}^{1}\left( \mathcal{F}_{L}\right) \) is not exact. Furthermore, a solution \(\left( \alpha,f\right) \) of the linear part of the above Maurer-Cartan equation, called a first order deformation of \(L\), is smoothly unobstructed, i.e., smoothly extendable to a path of Lagrangian deformations, if and only if \(\alpha\) extends to a closed 1-form on \(L\backslash\mathcal{Z}_{f}\) for the zero locus \(\mathcal{Z}_{f}\) of \(f\). It is also found that a compact \(L\) with dense leaves is infinitesimally rigid under Poisson isotopies, i.e., the formal tangent space \(T_{\left[ L\right] }\mathcal{M}^{Poiss}=0\) for the moduli space \(\mathcal{M}^{Poiss}\) that classifies \(\mathcal{C}^{1}\)-small Lagrangian deformations up to Poisson isotopy of \(\left( M,\Pi\right) \).

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