Detecting minimum energy states and multi-stability in nonlocal advection-diffusion models for interacting species

DOI10.1007/S00285-022-01824-1zbMATH Open1501.35050arXiv2206.07398OpenAlexW4306862547MaRDI QIDQ2093239FDOQ2093239

Authors: Valeria Giunta, Jonathan R. Potts, Thomas Hillen, M. A. Lewis 

Publication date: 7 November 2022

Published in: Journal of Mathematical Biology (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Deriving emergent patterns from models of biological processes is a core concern of mathematical biology. In the context of partial differential equations (PDEs), these emergent patterns sometimes appear as local minimisers of a corresponding energy functional. Here we give methods for determining the qualitative structure of local minimum energy states of a broad class of multi-species nonlocal advection-diffusion models, recently proposed for modelling the spatial structure of ecosystems. We show that when each pair of species respond to one another in a symmetric fashion (i.e. via mutual avoidance or mutual attraction, with equal strength), the system admits an energy functional that decreases in time and is bounded below. This suggests that the system will eventually reach a local minimum energy steady state, rather than fluctuating in perpetuity. We leverage this energy functional to develop tools, including a novel application of computational algebraic geometry, for making conjectures about the number and qualitative structure of local minimum energy solutions. These conjectures give a guide as to where to look for numerical steady state solutions, which we verify through numerical analysis. Our technique shows that even with two species, multi-stability with up to four classes of local minimum energy state can emerge. The associated dynamics include spatial sorting via aggregation and repulsion both within and between species. The emerging spatial patterns include a mixture of territory-like segregation as well as narrow spike-type solutions. Overall, our study reveals a general picture of rich multi-stability in systems of moving and interacting species.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.07398

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zbMATH Keywords

stabilityenergy functionalanimal movementmathematical ecology

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Population dynamics (general) (92D25) Ecology (92D40) Quasilinear parabolic equations (35K59) Pattern formations in context of PDEs (35B36) Critical points of functionals in context of PDEs (e.g., energy functionals) (35B38) Initial-boundary value problems for second-order parabolic systems (35K51) Integro-partial differential equations (35R09)

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Cited In (7)

• On equilibrium solutions to nonlocal mechanistic models in ecology
• Distinguishing between long-transient and asymptotic states in a biological aggregation model
• Spatio-temporal Dynamics in a Reaction-Diffusion Equation with Nonlocal Spatial Memory
• Impact of directed migration on the incidence of the population in the SIS model
• Open problems in PDE models for knowledge-based animal movement via nonlocal perception and cognitive mapping
• Local and global existence for nonlocal multispecies advection-diffusion models
• Biological modeling with nonlocal advection–diffusion equations

Uses Software

• Macaulay2

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