Quadratic sparse domination and weighted estimates for non-integral square functions

DOI10.1007/S12220-022-01031-WMaRDI QIDQ2095601zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Julian Bailey, Gianmarco Brocchi, Maria Carmen Reguera

Publication date 17 November 2022

Published in The Journal of Geometric Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.15928

zbMATH Keywords

elliptic operators non-integrable singular operators sharp weighted estimates sparse bounds square functions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Higher-order elliptic equations (35J30) Singular and oscillatory integrals (Calderón-Zygmund, etc.) (42B20) Harmonic analysis and PDEs (42B37)

Abstract: We prove a quadratic sparse domination result for general non-integral square functions

S

. That is, we prove an estimate of the form �egin{equation*} int_{M} (S f)^{2} g , mathrm{d}mu le c sum_{P in mathcal{S}} left(frac{1}{lvert 5P vert}int_{5 P} lvert f vert^{p_{0}} , mathrm{d}mu ight)^{2/p_{0}} left(frac{1}{lvert 5P vert} int_{5 P} lvert g vert^{q_{0}^*},mathrm{d}mu ight)^{1/q_{0}^*} lvert P vert, end{equation*} where

q_{0}^{*}

is the H"{o}lder conjugate of

q_{0} / 2

,

M

is the underlying doubling space and

m a t h c a l S

is a sparse collection of cubes on

M

. Our result will cover both square functions associated with divergence form elliptic operators and those associated with the Laplace-Beltrami operator. This sparse domination allows us to derive optimal norm estimates in the weighted space

L^{p} (w)

.

Review text

After the development of the Calderón-Zygmund theory, researchers have encountered numerous examples of operators outside its scope but for which the Calderón-Zygmund theory still plays a guiding role; see for example [\textit{W. Hebisch}, Colloq. Math. 60/61, No. 2, 659--664 (1990; Zbl 0779.35025)]. With the surge of activity around the \(A_2\) conjecture and the appearance of sparse domination, a wide family of operators, termed non-integrable singular operators, are now better understood [\textit{F. Bernicot} et al., Anal. PDE 9, No. 5, 1079--1113 (2016; Zbl 1344.42009)]. Non-integrable operators lack good control over the size or regularity of their kernel, like the Riesz operator \(\nabla L^{-1/2}\) for \(L = \operatorname{div}(A\nabla\cdot)\), so different characterizing properties must be sought. The paper under review builds upon the work of Bernicot et al. on linear operators [loc. cit.], and the authors investigate quadratic operators of the form \[ Sf(x) := \Bigl(\int_0^\infty \lvert \mathcal{Q}_tf(x)\rvert^2\frac{dt}{t}\Bigr)^\frac{1}{2}, \] where \(\{\mathcal{Q}_t\}_{t>0}\) are operators bounded in \(L^2(M,\mu)\), with \(M\) a doubling metric space. The authors assume that the operators \(\mathcal{Q}_t\) satisfy the off-diagonal estimates \[ \lVert\mathcal{Q}_t\rVert_{L^{p_0}(B_1) \to L^{q_0}(B_2)} \lesssim \lvert B_1\rvert^{-\frac{1}{p_0}}\lvert B_2\rvert^{\frac{1}{q_0}} \Bigl(1 + \frac{d(B_1, B_2)^2}{t}\Bigr)^{-(\nu + 1)}, \] where \(B_1\) and \(B_2\) are balls of radius \(\sqrt{t}\), and \(1\le p_0<2<q_0\le\infty\) -- \(\nu\) is related to \((M, \mu)\). They also assume that the operators \(\mathcal{Q}_t\) satisfy a cancellation property with respect to another operator \(L\) (which satisfies additional hypotheses) and that a Cotlar-type inequality holds. The main theorems are (see details in the paper) (i) sparse domination: \[ \int_M (Sf)^2g\,d\mu \le c\sum_{P\in\mathcal{S}}\Bigl(\fint_{5P} \lvert f\rvert^{p_0}\,d\mu\Bigr)^{2/p_0}\Bigl(\fint_{5P}\lvert g\rvert^{q_0^\ast}\,d\mu\Bigr)^{1/q_0^\ast}\lvert P\rvert, \tag{1} \] where \(p_0<2<q_0\), \(q_0^\ast = (q_0/2)^\prime\), and \(\mathcal{S}\) is a sparse family; and (ii) explicit constant: \[ \sum_{P\in\mathcal{S}}\Bigl(\fint_{5P} \lvert f\rvert^{p_0}\,d\mu\Bigr)^{2/p_0}\Bigl(\fint_{5P}\lvert g\rvert^{q_0^\ast}\,d\mu\Bigr)^{1/q_0^\ast}\lvert P\rvert \le C_0 \bigr([w]_{A_\frac{p}{p_0}}\cdot[w]_{RH_{\bigl(\frac{q_0}{p}\bigr)^\prime}}\bigr)^{2\gamma(p)}\lVert f\rVert^2_{L^p(w)}\lVert g\rVert_{L^{p^\ast}(w^{1-p^\ast})}, \tag{2} \] where \(w\) is a weight, and \(2<p<q_0\). The preliminaries are well explained in Section 2, and Section 3 presents examples. Section 4 contains the main technical step, a proof that a grand maximal operator \(S^\ast\) is bounded in \(L^2\) and of weak-type \((p_0, p_0)\); the technique originated in [\textit{M. T. Lacey}, Isr. J. Math. 217, 181--195 (2017; Zbl 1368.42016)]. In Section 5 they prove (1), where the control over \(S^\ast\) allows for the use of a good-\(\lambda\) technique; the region where \(f\) is large is handled by iteration. In Section 6 they prove (2). A sharpness result is included in Section 7.

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