About the uniqueness of the hyperspaces C(p,X) in some classes of continua

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2022.108313MaRDI QIDQ2105004zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Florencio Corona-Vázquez, Javier Sánchez-Martínez, Russell-Aarón Quiñones-Estrella

Publication date 8 December 2022

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.03411

continua dendrites finite graphs Hilbert cube hyperspaces trees uniqueness of hyperspace weak uniqueness of hyperspace

Subspaces in general topology (54B05) Hyperspaces of continua (54F16) Topological characterizations of particular spaces (54F65)

Review text

A \textit{continuum} is a connected compact connected metric space. A \textit{subcontinuum} is a closed connected subset of a continuum. The symbol \(C(p,X)\) represents the hyperspace of all subcontinua of a continuum \(X\) containing a fixed element \(p\) of \(X\). The space \(C(p,X)\) is endowed with the Hausdorff metric. Let \(\mathcal C\) be a class of continua, let \(X \in \mathcal C\) and let \(p \in X\). The pair \((X,p)\) \textit{has unique hyperspace} \(C(p,X)\) \textit{relative to} \(\mathcal C\) if for each \(Y \in \mathcal C\) and \(q \in Y\) such that \(C(p,X)\) is homeomorphic to \(C(q,Y)\), there exists a homeomorphism from \(X\) onto \(Y\) sending \(p\) to \(q\). The pair \((X,p)\) \textit{has weakly unique hyperspace} \(C(p,X)\) \textit{relative} to \(\mathcal C\) if for each \(Y \in \mathcal C\) such that \(C(p,X)\) is homeomorphic to \(C(q,Y)\) for some \(q \in Y\), there exists a homeomorphism from \(X\) onto \(Y\) sending \(p\) to \(q\). Notice that to have unique hyperspace \(C(p,X)\) relative to \(\mathcal C\) implies to have weakly unique hyperspace \(C(p,X)\) relative to \(\mathcal C\). In this paper, the authors show that if \(X\) is a dendrite and a point \(p \in X\), then \((X,p)\) has unique hyperspace \(C(p,X)\) relative to the class of all dendrites if and only if \(X\) is a tree. Also, they prove that the pair \((X,p)\) does not have unique hyperspace \(C(p,X)\) relative to the class of all continua for each \(p \in X\) and for each continuum \(X\) is of one of the following kind of continuum: finite graph, dendrite, local dendrite, and arcwise connected continuum with at least one free arc which is not contained in a simple closed curve. The next results exhibit topological properties of the point \(q\) in the continuum \(X\) under which the pair \((X,q)\) does not have unique hyperspace \(C(q,X)\) relative to the class of all continua when \(X\) is either finite dimensional or a smooth dendroid. Finally, before of several posed open question, the last theorem guarantees that if \(p\) is a point of a continuum \(X\) being either a hereditarily indecomposable continua or an indecomposable continua having rays as its composants, then \((X,p)\) does not have unique hyperspace \(C(p,X)\) relative to the class of all continua.

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