Uniqueness of the hyperspaces C(p,X) in the class of trees

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2019.106926MaRDI QIDQ2279523zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Florencio Corona-Vázquez, Javier Sánchez-Martínez, Rosemberg Toalá-Enríquez, Russell-Aarón Quiñones-Estrella

Publication date 13 December 2019

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.06202

zbMATH Keywords

continuahyperspacestreesuniqueness of hyperspace

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Hyperspaces in general topology (54B20) Hyperspaces of continua (54F16)

Abstract: Given a continuum $X$ and $pinX$, we will consider the hyperspace $C(p,X)$ of all subcontinua of $X$ containing $p$. Given a family of continua $mathcalC$, a continuum $XinmathcalC$ and $pinX$, we say that $(X,p)$ has unique hyperspace $C(p,X)$ relative to $mathcalC$ if for each $YinmathcalC$ and $qinY$ such that $C(p,X)$ and $C(q,Y)$ are homeomorphic, then there is an homeomorphism between $X$ and $Y$ sending $p$ to $q$. In this paper we study some topological and geometric properties about the structure of $C(p,X)$ when $X$ is a tree, being the main result that $(X,p)$ has unique hyperspace $C(p,X)$ relative to the class of trees.

Review text

Given a metric continuum \(X\), the hyperspace of subcontinua is denoted by \(C(X)\) and is considered with the Hausdorff metric. For a point \(p\in X\), let \(C(p,X)\) be the subset of all elements of \(C(X)\) that contain \(p\). Given a family of continua \(\mathcal {C}\), the pair \((X,p)\in \mathcal {C}\), with \(X\in \mathcal {C}\), has unique hyperspace relative to \(\mathcal {C}\) provided that if \(Y\in \mathcal{C}\), \(q\in Y\) and \(C(p,X)\) is homeomorphic to \(C(q,Y)\), then there exists a homeomorphism from \(X\) onto \(Y\) sending \(p\) to \(q\). In the area of hyperspaces of continua, the topic of uniqueness has been widely studied in the last years. In this paper the authors make a detailed study of hyperspaces of the type \(C(p,X)\) when \(X\) is an acyclic finite graph (a tree). Their main result says that if \(X\) is a tree and \(p\in X\), then \((X,p)\) has unique hyperspace \(C(p,X)\) in the class of trees. At the end of the paper, they ask the following: if \(X\) is a dendrite (respectively, dendroid) and \(p\in X\), then has \((X,p)\) unique hyperspace \(C(p,X)\) in the class of dendrites (respectively, dendroids)? Both questions have an easy negative answer since if \(X\) is a dendrite without free arcs, then for each \(p\in X\), \(C(p,X)\) is homeomorphic to the Hilbert cube; and there are uncountably many non-homeomorphic dendrites of this class. The authors also include the following interesting questions. (4.18) Are there a continuum \(X\) and \(p\in X\) such that \((X,p)\) has unique hyperspace in the class of continua? (4.19) Are there a continuum and two points \(p,q\in X\) such that \((X,p)\) has unique hyperspace \(C(p,X)\), whereas \((X,q)\) does not have it?

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(12)

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