On an approach for evaluating certain trigonometric character sums using the discrete time heat kernel

DOI10.1016/J.EJC.2022.103635MaRDI QIDQ2107502zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Paulina Hoyos, Carlos A. Cadavid, Jay Jorgenson, Lejla Smajlovic, Juan Diego Vélez

Publication date 1 December 2022

Published in European Journal of Combinatorics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.07878

zbMATH Keywords

Markov chainheat kerneldiscrete Laplace operator

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Trigonometric and exponential sums (general theory) (11L03) Binomial coefficients; factorials; (q)-identities (11B65) Exponential and trigonometric functions (33B10)

Abstract: In this article we develop a general method by which one can explicitly evaluate certain sums of $n$-th powers of products of $dgeq1$ elementary trigonometric functions evaluated at $mathbfm=(m_1,ldots,m_d)$-th roots of unity. Our approach is to first identify the individual terms in the expression under consideration as eigenvalues of a discrete Laplace operator associated to a graph whose vertices form a $d$-dimensional discrete torus $G_{mathbfm}$ which depends on $mathbfm$. The sums in question are then related to the $n$-th step of a Markov chain on $G_{mathbfm}$. The Markov chain admits the interpretation as a particular random walk, also viewed as a discrete time and discrete space heat diffusion, so then the sum in question is related to special values of the associated heat kernel. Our evaluation follows by deriving a combinatorial expression for the heat kernel, which is obtained by periodizing the heat kernel on the infinite lattice $mathbb{Z}^d$ which covers $G_{mathbfm}$.

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Cited in

(4)

• The heat kernel on a finite graph in different time-scales
• On an approach for evaluating certain trigonometric character sums using the discrete time heat kernel
• The parametrix construction of the heat kernel on a graph
• Further developments of basic trigonometric power sums

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