Symmetry and symmetry breaking for the fractional Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequality

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2022.109438zbMATHOpenAlexMaRDI QIDQ2118411FDO

Authors Weiwei Ao, Azahara DelaTorre, Maria del Mar Gonzalez

Publication date 22 March 2022

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.06004

zbMATH Keywords

non-degeneracyconformal fractional Laplacianfractional Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequalitysymmetry and symmetry breaking

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Inequalities applied to PDEs involving derivatives, differential and integral operators, or integrals (35A23) Symmetries, invariants, etc. in context of PDEs (35B06) Variational methods for second-order elliptic equations (35J20) Fractional partial differential equations (35R11)

Abstract: In this paper, we will consider the fractional Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequality �egin{equation*} {Lambda} left(int_{mathbb R^n}frac{|u(x)|^{p}}{|x|^{{�eta} {p}}},dx ight)^{frac{2}{p}}leq int_{mathbb R^n}int_{mathbb R^n}frac{(u(x)-u(y))^2}{|x-y|^{n+2gamma}|x|^{{alpha}}|y|^{{alpha}}},dy,dx end{equation*} where $gammain(0,1)$, $ngeq2$, and $$ satisfy �egin{equation*} alphaleq �etaleq alpha+gamma, -2gamma<alpha<frac{n-2gamma}{2}, end{equation*} and the exponent $p$ is chosen to be �egin{equation*} p=frac{2n}{n-2gamma+2(�eta-alpha)}, end{equation*} such that the inequality is invariant under scaling. We first study the existence and nonexistence of extremal solutions. Our next goal is to show some results on the symmetry and symmetry breaking region for the minimizers; these suggest the existence of a Felli-Schneider type curve separating both regions but, surprisingly, we find a novel behavior as $alphao-2gamma$. The main idea in the proofs, as in the classical case, is to reformulate the fractional Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequality in cylindrical variables. Then, in order to find the radially symmetric solutions we need to solve a non-local ODE. For this equation we also get uniqueness of minimizers in the radial symmetry class; indeed, we show that the unique continuation argument of Frank-Lenzmann (Acta'13) can be applied to more general operators with good spectral properties. We provide, in addition, a completely new proof of non-degeneracy which works for all critical points. It is based on the variation of constants approach and the non-local Wronskian of Ao-Chan-DelaTorre-Fontelos-Gonz'alez-Wei (Duke'19).

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Cited in

(6)

• Radial symmetry and its breaking in the caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg type inequalities for \(p=1\)
• On fractional Orlicz-Hardy inequalities
• A tool for symmetry breaking and multiplicity in some nonlocal problems
• Symmetry breaking of extremals for the Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequalities in a non-Hilbertian setting
• Fractional KPZ equations with fractional gradient term and Hardy potential
• Optimal configuration and symmetry breaking phenomena in the composite membrane problem with fractional Laplacian

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