Complete classification and nondegeneracy of minimizers for the fractional Hardy-Sobolev inequality, and applications

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Publication:2656282



Abstract: We study linear and non-linear equations related to the fractional Hardy--Sobolev inequality. We prove nondegeneracy of ground state solutions to the basic equation and investigate existence and qualitative properties, including symmetry of solutions to some perturbed equations.


In this paper the authors studied firstly the problem \[\begin{cases} (-\Delta)^su=|x|^{-bq}u^{q-1} & u\in \mathcal{D}^s(\mathbb{R}^n) \\ u>0.\tag{P0}\end{cases}\] where \(n\geq 2\), \((-\Delta)^s\) is the fractional Laplacian of order \(s \in (0, 1)\) and \(q,b\) satisfy \[2<q<2_s^*=\frac{2n}{2-2s}, \frac{n}{q}-b=\frac{n}{2}-s.\] Let \(z_1\in \mathcal{D}^s(\mathbb{R}^n)\) be the positive and semicontinuous minimizer for the best constant \(S_q\) satisfying \[S_q\||x|^{-b}u\|_q^2\leq \|(-\Delta)^{\frac{s}{2}}\|_2^2,\ \forall u\in \mathcal{D}^s(\mathbb{R}^n),\] and let \(z_t(x)=t^{\frac{2s-n}{2}}z_1(\frac{x}{t})\) for \(t>0\). The first theorem claims that: (i) if \(u\in \mathcal{D}^s(\mathbb{R}^n)\) is a solution to \((\mathcal{P}0)\) then \(u = z_t\) for some \(t > 0\); (ii) \(z_1\in \mathcal{C}^\infty(\mathbb{R}^n\backslash\{0\})\cap L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^n)\cap \mathcal{C}^\alpha(\mathbb{R}^n)\) for any \(\alpha\in [0, 2s-bq)\) and there exist positive constants \(C_1, C_2\) such that \(\frac{C_1}{1+|x|^{n-2s}}\leq z_1(x)\leq \frac{C_2}{1+|x|^{n-2s}}\). The second theorem states that any solution \(v\in \mathcal{D}^s(\mathbb{R}^n)\) to the linearized problem: \((-\Delta)^sv=(q-1)|x|^{-bq}z_t^{q-2}v\) is proportional to \(\dot{z}_t\). As a consequence of the second theorem, they obtained a symmetry result for ground state (i.e. least energy) solutions to the nonlocal problem \((-\Delta)^su+\lambda|x|^{-2s}u=|x|^{-bq}u^{q-1},\ u\in \mathcal{D}^s(\mathbb{R}^n)\). As a further consequence of the second theorem, they obtained by a Lyapunov-Schmidt argument sufficient conditions on a prescribed weight \(k(x)\) which guarantee the existence of solutions to the perturbative problem: \((-\Delta)^su=(1+\epsilon k(x))|x|^{-bq}u^{q-1},\ u\in \mathcal{D}^s(\mathbb{R}^n), \ u>0\).



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