Uniqueness of non-linear ground states for fractional Laplacians in R

DOI10.1007/S11511-013-0095-9MaRDI QIDQ362060zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors R. L. Frank, Enno Lenzmann

Publication date 20 August 2013

Published in Acta Mathematica (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1009.4042

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Semilinear elliptic equations (35J61) Fractional partial differential equations (35R11)

Abstract: We prove uniqueness of ground state solutions $Q=Q(|x|)geq0$ for the nonlinear equation $(-Delta{)}^{s}Q+Q-Q^{alpha+1}=0$ in $mathbbR$, where $0<s<1$ and $0<alpha<frac4s1-2s$ for $s<1/2$ and $0<alpha<infty$ for $sgeq1/2$. Here $(-Delta{)}^s$ denotes the fractional Laplacian in one dimension. In particular, we generalize (by completely different techniques) the specific uniqueness result obtained by Amick and Toland for $s=1/2$ and $alpha=1$ in [Acta Math., extbf{167} (1991), 107--126]. As a technical key result in this paper, we show that the associated linearized operator $L_{+}=(-Delta{)}^s+1-(alpha+1)Q^{a}lpha$ is nondegenerate; i.,e., its kernel satisfies $mathrmker,L_{+}=mathrmspan,Q^{\prime }$. This result about $L_{+}$ proves a spectral assumption, which plays a central role for the stability of solitary waves and blowup analysis for nonlinear dispersive PDEs with fractional Laplacians, such as the generalized Benjamin-Ono (BO) and Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (BBM) water wave equations.

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