Lagrangian chaos and scalar advection in stochastic fluid mechanics

DOI10.4171/JEMS/1140MaRDI QIDQ2124246zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Jacob Bedrossian, Alex Blumenthal, Sam Punshon-Smith

Publication date 19 April 2022

Published in Journal of the European Mathematical Society (JEMS) (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.06484

Lyapunov exponent Malliavin calculus passive scalar turbulence stochastic Navier-Stokes equations

Navier-Stokes equations (35Q30) Stochastic calculus of variations and the Malliavin calculus (60H07) Stochastic partial differential equations (aspects of stochastic analysis) (60H15) Statistical solutions of Navier-Stokes and related equations (76D06) Statistical turbulence modeling (76F55) Stochastic analysis applied to problems in fluid mechanics (76M35)

Abstract: We study the Lagrangian flow associated to velocity fields arising from various models of fluid mechanics subject to white-in-time,

H^{s}

-in-space stochastic forcing in a periodic box. We prove that in many circumstances, these flows are chaotic, that is, the top Lyapunov exponent is strictly positive. Our main results are for the Navier-Stokes equations on

m a t h b b T^{2}

and the hyper-viscous regularized Navier-Stokes equations on

m a t h b b T^{3}

(at arbitrary Reynolds number and hyper-viscosity parameters), subject to forcing which is non-degenerate at high frequencies. As an application, we study statistically stationary solutions to the passive scalar advection-diffusion equation driven by these velocities and subjected to random sources. The chaotic Lagrangian dynamics are used to prove a version of anomalous dissipation in the limit of vanishing diffusivity, which in turn, implies that the scalar satisfies Yaglom's law of scalar turbulence -- the analogue of the Kolmogorov 4/5 law. Key features of our study are the use of tools from ergodic theory and random dynamical systems, namely the Multiplicative Ergodic Theorem and a version of Furstenberg's Criterion, combined with hypoellipticity via Malliavin calculus and approximate control arguments.

Review text

Summary: We study the Lagrangian flow associated to velocity fields arising from various models of stochastic fluid mechanics. We prove that in many circumstances, these flows are chaotic, that is, the top Lyapunov exponent is strictly positive (\textit{almost surely}, \textit{all} particle trajectories are simultaneously exponentially sensitive with respect to initial conditions). Our main results are for the Navier-Stokes equations on \(\mathbb{T}^2\) and the hyper-viscous regularized Navier-Stokes equations on \(\mathbb{T}^3\) (at arbitrary fixed Reynolds number and hyper-viscosity parameters), subject to white-in-time, \(H^s\)-in-space stochastic forcing which is nondegenerate at high frequencies. Using these results, we further make a mathematically rigorous study of ``passive scalar turbulence. To this end, we study statistically stationary solutions to the passive scalar advection-diffusion advected by one of these velocity fields and subjected to a white-in-time random source. We show that the chaotic behavior of Lagrangian dynamics implies a type of anomalous dissipation in the limit of vanishing diffusivity, which in turn, implies Yaglom's law of scalar turbulence -- the universal scaling law analogous to the Kolmogorov 4/5 law. Key features of our study are the use of tools from ergodic theory and random dynamical systems in infinite dimensions, namely the Multiplicative Ergodic Theorem and a version of Furstenberg's Criterion, combined with hypoellipticity via Malliavin calculus and approximate control arguments.

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