On concavity of solutions of the nonlinear Poisson equation

DOI10.1007/S00205-022-01759-3MaRDI QIDQ2127901zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Stefan Steinerberger

Publication date 21 April 2022

Published in Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.17187

zbMATH Keywords

concavity of solutionPoisson equation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Convexity properties of solutions to PDEs with constant coefficients (35E10) Laplace operator, Helmholtz equation (reduced wave equation), Poisson equation (35J05)

Abstract: We consider the nonlinear Poisson equation $-Deltau=f(u)$ in domains $Omegasubsetmathbb{R}^n$ with Dirichlet boundary conditions on $partialOmega$. We show (for monotonically increasing concave $f$ with small Lipschitz constant) that if $D^{2}u$ is negative semi-definite on the boundary, then $u$ is concave. A conjecture of Saint Venant from 1856 (proven by Polya in 1948) is that among all domains $Omega$ of fixed measure, the solution of $-Deltau=1$ assumes its largest maximum when $Omega$ is a ball. We extend this to $-Deltau=f(u)$ for monotonically increasing $f$ with small Lipschitz constant.

Review text

Let \(\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^n\) be a smooth open set. This article discusses the concavity property of solutions to \(-\Delta u=f(u)\) in \(\Omega\), \(u=0\) on \(\partial \Omega\). It is assumed that \(f>0\), \(f'\geq 0\), \(f\leq 0\) and \(f'(0)\leq 2n\omega_n^{n/2}/|\Omega|\). It is shown that if the Hessian matrix \(D^2 u\) is negative on \(\partial\Omega\), then \(u\) is concave on \(\Omega\).

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