The prism manifold realization problem
This article discusses a realization problems in spherical manifolds. In general, the spherical manifold realization problem asks which manifolds arise from surgeries on knots in \(S^3\). A \textit{spherical 3-manifold}, which is also called an \textit{elliptic 3-manifold} has the form \(X = S^3/G\) where \(G\) is a finite subgroup of \(SO(4)\) acting on \(S^3\) freely by rotations. The center \(Z = Z(G)\) of \(G \cong \pi_1(X)\) is a cyclic group. According to the structure of \(G/Z\), there are five types of elliptic \(3\)-manifolds: C (cyclic), D (dihedral), T (tetrahedral), O (octahedral), I (icosahedral). If \(G/Z\) is a dihedral group \(D_{2p}\) \(=\) \(\langle x, y \mid x^2 = y^2 = (xy)^p = 1 \rangle\) for some integer \(p>1\), then we obtain the {D-type} manifold known as a \textit{prism manifold}. The realization problem has been solved recently for the {C-}, {T-}, {O-} and {I-type}. For example, \textit{J. E. Greene} [Ann. Math. (2) 177, No. 2, 449--511 (2013; Zbl 1276.57009)] solved the integer surgery realization problem for lens spaces, the {C-type} manifolds. Further, \textit{L. Gu} proved the {T-}, {O-} and {I-type} manifolds problems in [``Integral Finite Surgeries on Knots in \(S^3\), Preprint, \url{arXiv:1401.6708}]. The {D-type}, however, has been unsolved. A prism manifold has very interesting properties compared with other spherical manifolds. For example, for any \(m \in \mathbb Z\), there are finitely many spherical manifolds \(X\) which satisfy that the order of their first singular homology \(H_1(X)\) is \(m\). However, if \(m\) is divisible by \(4\), then there are infinitely many prism manifolds \(X\) satisfying \(|H_1(X)| = m\). To illustrate this fact, let \(X = P(p, q)\) be a prism manifold having Seifert invariants \((-1; (2, 1), (2, 1), (p, q))\), where \(p > 1\) and \(\gcd(p, q) = 1\). Then, we have \(|H_1(X)| = 4|q|\). As for the realization problem, on the other hand, we still get a finiteness result. \textit{M. I. Doig} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 144, No. 5, 2205--2215 (2016; Zbl 1339.57030)] proved that for a fixed value \(|q|\), there are finitely many \(p\) for which \(P(p, q)\) is realized by means of surgery on a knot \(K \subseteq S^3\). Further, \textit{Y. Ni} and \textit{X. Zhang} [Algebr. Geom. Topol. 18, No. 1, 441--492 (2018; Zbl 1392.57007)] showed an explicit bound for \(p\) in terms of \(q\). In this article, we will see the following result: Theorem. Given a pair of relatively prime integers \(p>0\) and \(q<0\), if the prism manifold \(P(p, q)\) can be obtained by \(4|q|\)-Dehn surgery on a knot \(K\) in \(S^3\), then \(P(p, q)\) belongs to one of the list below. Moreover, the knot Floer homology group of \(K\) is determined by \(P(p, q)\) and the family containing it. \begin{tabular}{|c|c|} \hline \(P(p,q)\) & range of parameters (\(p\) and \(r\) are odd, \(p>1\)) \\ \hline \(P(p, -\frac{1}{2}(p^2-3p+4))\) & \(p \geq 17\) \\ \(P(p, -\frac{1}{22}(p^2-3p+4))\) & \(p \equiv 17\) or \(19\) \((\bmod 22)\) \\ \(P(p, -\frac{1}{|4r+2|}(r^2p+1))\) & \(r=-1 (\bmod 4)\) \(r \neq -1, 3\), \(p \equiv 2r-3 (\bmod 4r +2)\) \\ \(P(p, -\frac{1}{2r}(p+1)(p+4)\) & \(r\geq 1\), \(p \equiv -1 (\bmod 2r)\), \(p\geq 4r-1\) \\ \(P(p, -\frac{1}{2r}(p+1)(p+4)\) & \(r \geq 5\), \(p \equiv r - 4 (\bmod 2r)\), \(p \geq3r-4\) \\ \(P(p, -\frac{1}{2r^2}(2r+1)^2(p+1)\) & \(r \neq -3, -1, 1\), \(p \equiv 4r-1 (\bmod 2r^2)\), \(p\geq 4r - 1\) \\ \(P(p, -\frac{1}{r^2-2r-1}(r^2p+1)\) & \(r \neq 1\), \(p \equiv 2r-5 (\bmod r^2-2r-1)\), \(p \geq 2r-5\) \\ \(P(11, -30)\) & - \\ \(P(17, -31)\) & - \\ \(P(13, -47)\) & - \\ \(P(23, -64)\) & - \\ \hline \end{tabular}
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