Liouville quantum gravity with matter central charge in (1, 25): a probabilistic approach

DOI10.1007/S00220-019-03663-6MaRDI QIDQ2184752zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Ewain Gwynne, Nina Holden, Joshua Pfeffer, Guillaume Remy

Publication date 29 May 2020

Published in Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.09111

zbMATH Keywords

Hausdorff dimensionprobabilistic approachLiouville quantum gravitycentral charge: conformal matter

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Applications of statistics to physics (62P35) Conformal densities and Hausdorff dimension for holomorphic dynamical systems (37F35) Two-dimensional field theories, conformal field theories, etc. in quantum mechanics (81T40) Quantization of the gravitational field (83C45) Analogues of general relativity in lower dimensions (83C80)

Abstract: There is a substantial literature concerning Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) in two dimensions with conformal matter field of central charge ${mathbfc}_{mathrmM}in(-infty,1]$. Via the DDK ansatz, LQG can equivalently be described as the random geometry obtained by exponentiating $gamma$ times a variant of the planar Gaussian free field (GFF), where $gammain(0,2]$ satisfies $mathbf{c}_{mathrmM}=25-6(2/gamma+gamma/2{)}^2$. Physics considerations suggest that LQG should also make sense in the regime when $mathbf{c}_{mathrmM}>1$. However, the behavior in this regime is rather mysterious in part because the corresponding value of $gamma$ is complex, so analytic continuations of various formulas give complex answers which are difficult to interpret in a probabilistic setting. We introduce and study a discretization of LQG which makes sense for all values of $mathbf{c}_{mathrmM}in(-infty,25)$. Our discretization consists of a random planar map, defined as the adjacency graph of a tiling of the plane by dyadic squares which all have approximately the same "LQG size" with respect to the GFF. We prove that several formulas for dimension-related quantities are still valid for $mathbf{c}_{mathrmM}in(1,25)$, with the caveat that the dimension is infinite when the formulas give a complex answer. In particular, we prove an extension of the (geometric) KPZ formula for $mathbf{c}_{mathrmM}in(1,25)$, which gives a finite quantum dimension iff the Euclidean dimension is at most $(25-mathbf{c}_{mathrmM})/12$. We also show that the graph distance between typical points with respect to our discrete model grows polynomially whereas the cardinality of a graph distance ball of radius $r$ grows faster than any power of $r$ (which suggests that the Hausdorff dimension of LQG is infinite for $mathbf{c}_{mathrmM}in(1,25)$). We include a substantial list of open problems.

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Cited in

(17)

• Weak LQG metrics and Liouville first passage percolation
• Existence and uniqueness of the Liouville quantum gravity metric for \(\gamma \in (0, 2)\)
• Up-to-constants comparison of Liouville first passage percolation and Liouville quantum gravity
• On the role of the central limit theorem in \(3D\) quantum gravity
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• Liouville dynamical percolation
• Tightness of supercritical Liouville first passage percolation
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• Roughness of geodesics in Liouville quantum gravity
• Uniqueness of the critical and supercritical Liouville quantum gravity metrics
• Brownian loops and the central charge of a Liouville random surface
• Conformally invariant random fields, Liouville quantum gravity measures, and random Paneitz operators on Riemannian manifolds of even dimension
• The distance exponent for Liouville first passage percolation is positive
• Box-counting dimension in one-dimensional random geometry of multiplicative cascades
• Dimension result and KPZ formula for two-dimensional multiplicative cascade processes
• The fractal dimension of Liouville quantum gravity: universality, monotonicity, and bounds
• Introduction to the Liouville quantum gravity metric

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