Liouville quantum gravity with matter central charge in (1, 25): a probabilistic approach

DOI10.1007/S00220-019-03663-6zbMATH Open1441.83012arXiv1903.09111OpenAlexW3100423494WikidataQ126346560 ScholiaQ126346560MaRDI QIDQ2184752FDOQ2184752

Guillaume Remy, Ewain Gwynne, Nina Holden, Joshua Pfeffer

Publication date: 29 May 2020

Published in: Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: There is a substantial literature concerning Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) in two dimensions with conformal matter field of central charge ${mathbfc}_{mathrmM}in(-infty,1]$. Via the DDK ansatz, LQG can equivalently be described as the random geometry obtained by exponentiating $gamma$ times a variant of the planar Gaussian free field (GFF), where $gammain(0,2]$ satisfies $mathbf{c}_{mathrmM}=25-6(2/gamma+gamma/2{)}^2$. Physics considerations suggest that LQG should also make sense in the regime when $mathbf{c}_{mathrmM}>1$. However, the behavior in this regime is rather mysterious in part because the corresponding value of $gamma$ is complex, so analytic continuations of various formulas give complex answers which are difficult to interpret in a probabilistic setting. We introduce and study a discretization of LQG which makes sense for all values of $mathbf{c}_{mathrmM}in(-infty,25)$. Our discretization consists of a random planar map, defined as the adjacency graph of a tiling of the plane by dyadic squares which all have approximately the same "LQG size" with respect to the GFF. We prove that several formulas for dimension-related quantities are still valid for $mathbf{c}_{mathrmM}in(1,25)$, with the caveat that the dimension is infinite when the formulas give a complex answer. In particular, we prove an extension of the (geometric) KPZ formula for $mathbf{c}_{mathrmM}in(1,25)$, which gives a finite quantum dimension iff the Euclidean dimension is at most $(25-mathbf{c}_{mathrmM})/12$. We also show that the graph distance between typical points with respect to our discrete model grows polynomially whereas the cardinality of a graph distance ball of radius $r$ grows faster than any power of $r$ (which suggests that the Hausdorff dimension of LQG is infinite for $mathbf{c}_{mathrmM}in(1,25)$). We include a substantial list of open problems.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.09111

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zbMATH Keywords

Hausdorff dimensionprobabilistic approachLiouville quantum gravitycentral charge: conformal matter

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Applications of statistics to physics (62P35) Conformal densities and Hausdorff dimension for holomorphic dynamical systems (37F35) Two-dimensional field theories, conformal field theories, etc. in quantum mechanics (81T40) Quantization of the gravitational field (83C45) Analogues of general relativity in lower dimensions (83C80)

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Cited In (17)

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• Existence and uniqueness of the Liouville quantum gravity metric for \(\gamma \in (0, 2)\)
• Up-to-constants comparison of Liouville first passage percolation and Liouville quantum gravity
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• Dimension result and KPZ formula for two-dimensional multiplicative cascade processes
• Introduction to the Liouville quantum gravity metric
• The fractal dimension of Liouville quantum gravity: universality, monotonicity, and bounds

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