On the Ext^2-problem for Hilbert spaces

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2020.108863MaRDI QIDQ2217513zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Félix Cabello Sánchez, Valentin Ferenczi, Ricardo García, Jesús M. F. Castillo, Willian Hans Goes Corrêa

Publication date 29 December 2020

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.06529

zbMATH Keywords

exact sequences of Banach spacesExt-functorHilbert spaces

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Classical Banach spaces in the general theory (46B25) Homological methods in functional analysis (exact sequences, right inverses, lifting, etc.) (46M18)

Abstract: We show that $Ex{t}^2(el{l}_2,el{l}_2)eq0$ in the category of Banach spaces. This solves a sharpened version of Palamodov's problem and provides a solution to the second order version of Palais problem. We also show that $Ex{t}^2(el{l}_1,K)eq0$ in the category of quasi Banach spaces which solves the four-space problem for local convexity.

Review text

The authors study the second derivative of the functor Hom\((E,-)\) in the category of Banach spaces and continuous linear maps. Although this category is not abelian, the derivatives have been constructed by \textit{V. P. Palamodov} [Russ. Math. Surv. 26, No. 1, 1--64 (1972; Zbl 0247.46070); translation from Usp. Mat. Nauk 26, No. 1(157), 3--65 (1971)] using injective resolutions and they can also be conceived as Yoneda Ext-groups. The first derivative Ext\(^1(E,F)\) vanishes if every short exact sequence \(0\to F\to X\to E \to 0\) splits, and despite the simple fact that all such sequences with three Hilbert spaces split, a famous result of Enflo, Lindenstrauss and Pisier [\textit{P.~Enflo} et al. [Math. Scand. 36, 199--210 (1975; Zbl 0314.46015)] implies Ext\(^1(\ell_2,\ell_2)\neq 0\). Palamodov had asked whether the higher derivatives Ext\(^2(E,F)\) vanish for all Banach spaces. Whereas the negative answer to this question was comparatively easy, the question for \(E=F=\ell_2\) is much harder. More concretely, this problem asks whether every \(4\)-term exact sequence \(0\to \ell_2\to X\to Y\to \ell_2\to 0\) is equivalent to a trivial exact sequence or, equivalently, whether for every Banach space \(X\) containing \(\ell_2\) and satisfying Ext\(^1(\ell_2,X)=0\) also the quotient satifies Ext\(^1(\ell_2,X/\ell_2)=0\). Following an ingenious approach of \textit{N. J. Kalton} and \textit{N. T. Peck} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 255, 1--30 (1979; Zbl 0424.46004)], the authors mainly work in the category of quasi Banach spaces (where the triangle inequality is weakened to \(\|x+y\|\le c(\|x\|+\|y\|)\)) and construct a non-trivial \(4\)-term exact sequence as a concatenation of a classical non-splitting Kalton-Peck sequence \(\ell_2\to X\to\ell_2\) and a suitably constructed modification thereof. The main result Ext\(^2(\ell_2,\ell_2)\neq 0\) has several interesting consequences like Ext\(^2(\ell_1,\mathbb K)\neq 0\) in the category of quasi Banach spaces, which is a higher order version of Ext\(^1(\ell^1,\mathbb K)\neq 0\) (which was proved independently by \textit{N. J. Kalton} [Compos. Math. 37, 243--276 (1978; Zbl 0395.46003)] and \textit{M. Ribe} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 73, 351--355 (1979; Zbl 0397.46002)]).

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Cited in

(14)

• Bilinear forms and the \(\mathrm{Ext}^2\)-problem in Banach spaces
• The long homology sequence for quasi-Banach spaces, with applications
• Nonlinear centralizers in homology. II: The Schatten classes
• Three-representation problem in Banach spaces
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1400165 (Why is no real title available?)
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