Complex structures on twisted Hilbert spaces

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Abstract: We investigate complex structures on twisted Hilbert spaces, with special attention paid to the Kalton-Peck Z2 space and to the hyperplane problem. We consider (nontrivial) twisted Hilbert spaces generated by centralizers obtained from an interpolation scale of K"othe function spaces. We show there are always complex structures on the Hilbert space that cannot be extended to the twisted Hilbert space. If, however, the scale is formed by rearrangement invariant K"othe function spaces then there are complex structures on it that can be extended to a complex structure of the twisted Hilbert space. Regarding the hyperplane problem we show that no complex structure on ell2 can be extended to a complex structure on an hyperplane of Z2 containing it.


A twisted Hilbert space is a Banach space containing a subspace isomorphic to a Hilbert space, whose quotient is also isomorphic to a Hilbert space. The subspace need not be complemented, and the first non-trivial example was exhibited by \textit{P. Enflo} et al. [Math. Scand. 36, 199--210 (1975; Zbl 0314.46015)]. It is shown here that, for any real non-trivial twisted Hilbert space, there is a complex structure on the subspace which cannot be extended to a complex structure on the whole space. Slightly later, \textit{N. J. Kalton} and \textit{N. T. Peck} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 255, 1--30 (1979; Zbl 0424.46004)] introduced a particular example \(Z_2\), as part of a general theory of twisted sums. This space is a twisted sum of the real sequence space \(\ell_2\) with itself, and thus is easily seen to be isomorphic to all of its subspaces of codimension two, and to admit a complex structure. It remains unknown whether \(Z_2\) is isomorphic to its hyperplanes; this would follow if it could be shown that hyperplanes in \(Z_2\) do not admit complex structures. As a substantial step in this direction, it is shown that no complex structure on the subspace \(\ell_2\) can be extended to a complex structure on any hyperplane of \(Z_2\) containing it.



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