Complex interpolation and twisted twisted Hilbert spaces

DOI10.2140/PJM.2015.276.287MaRDI QIDQ2516650zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Félix Cabello Sánchez, N. J. Kalton, Jesús M. F. Castillo

Publication date 4 August 2015

Published in Pacific Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1406.6723

Banach space interpolation space twisted sum

Classical Banach spaces in the general theory (46B25) Interpolation between normed linear spaces (46B70) Banach spaces of continuous, differentiable or analytic functions (46E15) Homological methods in functional analysis (exact sequences, right inverses, lifting, etc.) (46M18)

Abstract: We show that Rochberg's generalizared interpolation spaces

m a t h s c r Z^{(n)}

arising from analytic families of Banach spaces form exact sequences

0 o m a t h s c r Z^{(n)} o m a t h s c r Z^{(n + k)} o m a t h s c r Z^{(k)} o 0

. We study some structural properties of those sequences; in particular, we show that nontriviality, having strictly singular quotient map, or having strictly cosingular embedding depend only on the basic case

n = k = 1

. If we focus on the case of Hilbert spaces obtained from the interpolation scale of

e l l_{p}

spaces, then

m a t h s c r Z^{(2)}

becomes the well-known Kalton-Peck

Z_{2}

space; we then show that

m a t h s c r Z^{(n)}

is (or embeds in, or is a quotient of) a twisted Hilbert space only if

n = 1, 2

, which solves a problem posed by David Yost; and that it does not contain

e l l_{2}

complemented unless

n = 1

. We construct another nontrivial twisted sum of

Z_{2}

with itself that contains

e l l_{2}

complemented.

Review text

The existence of nontrivial twisted sums of Hilbert spaces is now well known; a prime example is the Kalton-Peck space \(Z_2\). The existence of a nontrivial twisted sum of \(Z_2\) with itself follows from earlier work of the first two authors [Houston J. Math. 30, No. 2, 523--536 (2004; Zbl 1063.46012)], but the proof is rather abstract. Here a concrete construction is given. Let \(U\) be an open subset of the complex plane (e.g., the strip \(\{ 0< \operatorname{re}z<1\}\)), fix \(v \in U\) (e.g., \(v=\frac{1}{2}\)), and let \(W\) be a complex Banach space (e.g., the interpolation space \([\ell_\infty, \ell_1]_v\)). In the spirit of \textit{R. Rochberg} [Pac. J. Math. 174, No. 1, 247--267 (1996; Zbl 0866.46047)], the authors work with analytic functions from \(U\) to \(W\), and their truncated sequences of Taylor coefficients \[ \left(\frac{f^{(n-1)}(v)}{(n-1)!},\frac{f^{(n-2)}(v)}{(n-2)!},\dots,f'(v), f(v)\right). \] Modulo the obvious equivalence relationship, the collection of all such \(n\)-tuples is a Banach space \(\mathcal{H}(n)\). It is shown that, for any \(m,n\), the sequence \[ 0 \to \mathcal{H}(n) \to \mathcal{H}(m+n) \to \mathcal{H}(m) \to 0 \] is exact. Moreover, if this sequence is nontrivial (respectively, has strictly singular quotient map, or has strictly cosingular embedding map) in the case \( m =n = 1\), then the same statement is true for all \(m\) and \(n\). For the choices of \(U,v,W\) considered above, it is known that \(\mathcal{H}(1) \cong\ell_2\) and \(\mathcal{H}(2)\cong Z_2\); thus \(\mathcal{H}(4)\) furnishes a nontrivial twisted sum of \(Z_2\) with itself. The authors also show that \(\mathcal{H}(n)\) is not a twisted sum of two Hilbert spaces if \(n\geq3\), and that \(\mathcal{H}(n)\) does not contain complemented copies of \(\ell_2\) if \(n\geq2\). On the other hand, \(\ell_2\oplus\mathcal{H}(3)\) is shown to be another example of a nontrivial twisted sum of \(Z_2\) with itself.

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