The Kalton-Peck space as a spreading model

Asymptotic theory of Banach spaces (46B06) Classical Banach spaces in the general theory (46B25) Homological methods in functional analysis (exact sequences, right inverses, lifting, etc.) (46M18)

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The Kalton-Peck space \(Z_2\) is a twisted Hilbert space: it contains a closed uncomplemented subspace \(M\) such that both \(M\) and \(X/M\) are isomorphic to \(\ell_2\) [\textit{N.~J. Kalton} and \textit{N.~T. Peck}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 255, 1--30 (1979; Zbl 0424.46004)]. This space can be defined using complex interpolation for the pair \((X,X^*)\) with \(X=\ell_p\) (\(1\leq p<\infty\), \(p\neq 2\)) or \(c_0\), obtaining a Banach space \(Z(X)\) isomorphic to \(Z_2\). Among the properties of \(Z_2\), every normalized weakly null sequence has a subsequence which is equivalent to the unit vector basis of one of the spaces \(\ell_2\) or \(\ell_M\), the Orlicz sequence space associated to \(M(t)=t^2(\log t)^2\).\N\NIn this paper, the above construction is studied replacing \(\ell_p\) or \(c_0\) by an asymptotic \(\ell_p\)-space or an asymptotic \(c_0\)-space \(X\), obtaining a twisted Hilbert space \(Z(X)\). Note that the Tsirelson space \(T\) is an asymptotic \(\ell_1\)-space, for \(1\leq p<\infty\) the \(p\)-convexification \(T^p\) of \(T\) is an asymptotic \(\ell_p\)-space, and \(T^*\) is an asymptotic \(c_0\)-space.\N\NAmong other results, it is proved that if \(X\) is an asymptotic \(\ell_p\)-space with \(p\neq 2\), then the only spreading models of \(Z(X)\) are \(\ell_2\) and \(\ell_M\). Twisted spreading models are introduced, and it is proved that all twisted spreading models of \(Z_2\) are isomorphic to \(Z_2\), all twisted spreading models of \(Z(T)\) are isomorphic to \(Z_2\), and all twisted spreading models of \(Z(T^2)\) are isomorphic to \(\ell_2\). It is also proved that \(Z(T)\) is not isomorphic to a subspace of \(Z(T^2)\) and \(Z(T^2)\) is not isomorphic to a subspace or a quotient of \(Z(T)\).

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A remark on the distortion of twisted sums

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