Riesz transform via heat kernel and harmonic functions on non-compact manifolds

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2020.107464MaRDI QIDQ2217528zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Renjin Jiang

Publication date 30 December 2020

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.00518

zbMATH Keywords

doubling measure.harmonic functionsheat kernelPoincaré inequalityRiesz transform

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Heat equation (35K05) Heat and other parabolic equation methods for PDEs on manifolds (58J35)

Abstract: Let $M$ be a complete non-compact manifold satisfying the volume doubling condition, with doubling index $N$ and reverse doubling index $n$, $nleN$, both for large balls. Assume a Gaussian upper bound for the heat kernel, and an $L^2$-Poincar'e inequality outside a compact set. If $2<n$, then we show that for $pin(2,n)$, $(R_p)$: $L^p$-boundedness of the Riesz transform, $(G_p)$: $L^p$-boundedness of the gradient of the heat semigroup, and $(R{H}_p)$: reverse $L^p$-H"older inequality for the gradient of harmonic functions, are equivalent to each other. Our characterization implies that for $pin(2,n)$, $(R_p)$ has an open ended property and is stable under gluing operations. This substantially extends the well known equivalence of $(R_p)$ and $(G_p)$ from [4] to more general settings, and is optimal in the sense that $(R_p)$ does not hold for any $pgen>2$ on manifolds having at least two Euclidean ends of dimension $n$. For $pin(maxN,2,infty)$, the fact that $(R_p)$, $(G_p)$ and $(R{H}_p)$ are equivalent essentially follows from [22]; moreover, if $M$ is non-parabolic, then any of these conditions implies that $M$ has only one end. For the proof, we develop a new criteria for boundedness of the Riesz transform, which was nontrivially adapted from [4], and make an essential application of results from [22]. Our result allows extensions to non-smooth settings.

Review text

Let \(M\) be a complete, connected and non-compact Riemannian manifold. Denote by \(d\) the geodesic distance, by \(\mu\) the Riemannian measure, and by \(\mathcal{L}\) the non-negative Laplace-Beltrami operator on \(M\). \par The paper under review deals with the study of the Riesz transform \(\nabla\mathcal{L}^{-1/2}\) on \(M\) satisfying the volume doubling condition, with doubling index \(N\) and reverse doubling index \(n\), \(n\le N\). \par In Section 2, various versions of Poincaré inequalities are provided. \par In the next section, the Riesz transform for \(p\) less than the lower dimension is studied. \par If \(n>2\), the authors prove the equivalence of the following conditions, for \(p\in (2,n)\): \((R_p)\): the Riesz transform is \(L^p\)-bounded. \((G_p)\): the gradient of the heat semigroup is \(L^p\)-bounded. \((RH_p)\): reverse \(L^p\)-Hölder inequality for the gradient of harmonic functions. \par This characterization implies that for \(p\in (2, n)\), \((R_p)\) has an open ended property and is stable under gluing operations. \par If \(p\in (\max \{N, 2\},\infty)\), \((R_p)\), \((G_p)\) and \((RH_p)\) are equivalent as a consequence of a paper of \textit{T. Coulhon} et al. [J. Funct. Anal. 278, No. 8, Article ID 108398, 67 p. (2020; Zbl 1439.53041)]. \par In the proof of the main theorem, the author adapts a technique from \textit{P. Auscher} et al. [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 37, No. 6, 911--957 (2004; Zbl 1086.58013)] and develops a new criterion for boundedness of the Riesz transform. \par In the last section, examples where the new results can be applied are given.

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Cited in

(24)

• A note on ``Riesz transform for \(1\leq p\leq 2\) without Gaussian heat kernel bound
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• Riesz means on graphs and discrete groups
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