A Gaussian estimate for the heat kernel on differential forms and application to the Riesz transform

DOI10.1007/S00208-013-0949-7MaRDI QIDQ2439284zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 14 March 2014

Published in Mathematische Annalen (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1011.5036

$1$-forms Gaussian estimate generalized Schrödinger operator heat kernel Riesz transform Sobolev inequality

Heat kernel (35K08) Harmonic analysis on homogeneous spaces (43A85) Differential geometric aspects of harmonic maps (53C43) Heat and other parabolic equation methods for PDEs on manifolds (58J35)

Abstract: Let

(M^{m}, g)

be a m-dimensional complete Riemannian manifold which satisfies the n-Sobolev inequality and on which the volume growth is comparable to the one of

R^{n}

for big balls; if the Hodge Laplacian on 1-forms is strongly positive and the Ricci tensor is in

L^{f r a c n 2 p m e p s i l o n}

for an

e p s i l o n > 0

, then we prove a Gaussian estimate on the heat kernel of the Hodge Laplacian on 1-forms. This allows us to prove that, under the same hypotheses, the Riesz transform

d D e l t a^{- 1 / 2}

is bounded on

L^{p}

for all $1

Review text

Consider a complete Riemannian $n$-manifold $(M,g)$ which satisfies a Sobolev inequality of dimension $n$ and on which the volume growth is comparable to the one of $\mathbb{R}^n$ for big balls. The author proves a Gaussian estimate on the heat kernel of the Hodge Laplacian acting on $1$-forms in the hypotheses that there is no non-zero $L^2$ harmonic $1$-form and the Ricci tensor is in $L^{{{n}\over{2}}-\varepsilon }\cap L^\infty ; \;\varepsilon >0$. After presenting some concepts such as the volume doubling property, Gaussian upper estimate for the heat kernel, the author presents the statement of the theorem of Coulhon-Zhang. A manifold $M$ satisfies a Sobolev inequality in dimension $n$ if there is a constant $C$ such that $ \|f\|_{{2n}\over{n-2}}\leq C\|\nabla f\|_2$, $\;\forall f\in C^\infty_0(M)$. Some results are proved. Theorem 3. Let $M$ be a complete, non-compact Riemannian manifold that satisfies a Sobolev inequality of dimension $n$ and assume that the volume of big balls is Euclidean of dimension $n$: $ V(x,R)\simeq R^n, \forall x\in M, \;\forall R\geq 1$. Let $E\to M$ be a Riemannian vector bundle, endowed with a compatible connection $\nabla$, and let $L$ be a generalized Schrödinger operator acting on sections of $E$: $\;L=\nabla^*\nabla + \mathcal{R}$, where $\mathcal{R}$ is a field of symmetric endomorphisms. Assume that $L$ is non-negative, that $\mathcal{R}_{-}$ lies in $L^{{n}\over{2}}-\varepsilon \cap L^\infty$ for some $\varepsilon >0$ and that $Ker_{L^2}(L)=\{0\}$. Then the Gaussian estimate holds for $e^{-tL}$: if $K_{\exp (-tL)}(x,y)$ denotes its kernel , for every $\delta >0$ there is a constant $C$ such that for every $(x,y)\in M\times M$ and $t>0$, \[ \|K_{\exp (-tL)}(x,y)\|\leq (C/V(x,\sqrt{t}))\exp(-d^2(x,y)/(4+\delta)t). \] Next the author finds a boundedness result for the Riesz transform in the case where $L$ is the Hodge-Laplacian acting on $1$-forms. In the second part of the paper the author studies the behavior of the Riesz transform when one removes the hypothesis $ \mathcal{H}^1(M)=0$. In fact he shows that the Riesz transform is bounded on $L^p$ for all $1<p<n$. At the end, the author studies the reduced cohomology $H^1_p(M)$ of $M$.

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