Gradient estimates for heat kernels and harmonic functions

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2019.108398MaRDI QIDQ2291609zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Thierry Coulhon, Pekka Koskela, Adam S. Sikora, Renjin Jiang

Publication date 31 January 2020

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.02152

zbMATH Keywords

Dirichlet formharmonic functionheat kernelLi-Yau estimatemetric measure spaceRiesz transform

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Harmonic, subharmonic, superharmonic functions on other spaces (31C05) Dirichlet forms (31C25) Potential theory on fractals and metric spaces (31E05) Heat kernel (35K08) Harmonic analysis on homogeneous spaces (43A85) Global geometric and topological methods (à la Gromov); differential geometric analysis on metric spaces (53C23) Elliptic equations on manifolds, general theory (58J05) Heat and other parabolic equation methods for PDEs on manifolds (58J35)

Abstract: Let $(X,d,mu)$ be a doubling metric measure space endowed with a Dirichlet form $E$ deriving from a "carr'e du champ". Assume that $(X,d,mu,E)$ supports a scale-invariant $L^2$-Poincar'e inequality. In this article, we study the following properties of harmonic functions, heat kernels and Riesz transforms for $pin(2,infty]$: (i) $(G_p)$: $L^p$-estimate for the gradient of the associated heat semigroup; (ii) $(R{H}_p)$: $L^p$-reverse H"older inequality for the gradients of harmonic functions; (iii) $(R_p)$: $L^p$-boundedness of the Riesz transform ($p<infty$); (iv) $(GBE)$: a generalised Bakry-'Emery condition. We show that, for $pin(2,infty)$, (i), (ii) (iii) are equivalent, while for $p=infty$, (i), (ii), (iv) are equivalent. Moreover, some of these equivalences still hold under weaker conditions than the $L^2$-Poincar'e inequality. Our result gives a characterisation of Li-Yau's gradient estimate of heat kernels for $p=infty$, while for $pin(2,infty)$ it is a substantial improvement as well as a generalisation of earlier results by Auscher-Coulhon-Duong-Hofmann [7] and Auscher-Coulhon [6]. Applications to isoperimetric inequalities and Sobolev inequalities are given. Our results apply to Riemannian and sub-Riemannian manifolds as well as to non-smooth spaces, and to degenerate elliptic/parabolic equations in these settings.

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