The limitations of the Poincaré inequality for Grušin type operators

DOI10.1007/S00028-014-0227-5MaRDI QIDQ742226zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Derek W. Robinson, Adam S. Sikora

Publication date 18 September 2014

Published in Journal of Evolution Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1305.6998

Degenerate elliptic equations (35J70) Heat and other parabolic equation methods for PDEs on manifolds (58J35) Subelliptic equations (35H20)

Abstract: We examine the validity of the Poincar'e inequality for degenerate, second-order, elliptic operators

H

in divergence form on

L_{2} (R i^{n} i m e s R i^{m})

. We assume the coefficients are real symmetric and

a_{1} H_{d} e l t a g e q H g e q a_{2} H_{d} e l t a

for some

a_{1}, a_{2} > 0

where

H_{d} e l t a

is a generalized Gruv{s}in operator, [ H_delta=-

abla_{x_1},|x_1|^{(2delta_1,2delta_1')}, abla_{x_1}-|x_1|^{(2delta_2,2delta_2')},

abla_{x_2}^2 ;. ] Here

x_{1} i n R i^{n}

,

x_{2} i n R i^{m}

,

d e l t a_{1}, d e l t {a_{1}}^{'} i n [0, 1 a n g l e

,

d e l t a_{2}, d e l t {a_{2}}^{'} g e q 0

and

| x_{1} |^{(2 d e l t a, 2 d e l t a^{'})} = | x_{1} |^{2 d e l t a}

if

| x_{1} | l e q 1

and

| x_{1} |^{(2 d e l t a, 2 d e l t a^{'})} = | x_{1} |^{2 d e l t a^{'}}

if

| x_{1} | g e q 1

. smallskip We prove that the Poincar'e inequality, formulated in terms of the Riemannian geometry corresponding to

H

, is valid if

n g e q 2

, or if

n = 1

and

d e l t a_{1} v e e d e l t {a_{1}}^{'} i n [0, 1 / 2 a n g l e

but it fails if

n = 1

and

d e l t a_{1} v e e d e l t {a_{1}}^{'} i n [1 / 2, 1 a n g l e

. The failure is caused by the leading term. If

d e l t a_{1} i n [1 / 2, 1 a n g l e

it is an effect of the local degeneracy

| x_{1} |^{2 d e l t a_{1}}

but if

d e l t a_{1} i n [0, 1 / 2 a n g l e

and

d e l t {a_{1}}^{'} i n [1 / 2, 1 a n g l e

it is an effect of the growth at infinity of

| x_{1} |^{2 d e l t {a_{1}}^{'}}

. If

n = 1

and

d e l t a_{1} i n [1 / 2, 1 a n g l e

then the semigroup

S

generated by the Friedrichs' extension of

H

is not ergodic. The subspaces

x_{1} g e q 0

and

x_{1} l e q 0

are

S

-invariant and the Poincar'e inequality is valid on each of these subspaces. If, however,

n = 1

,

d e l t a_{1} i n [0, 1 / 2 a n g l e

and

d e l t {a_{1}}^{'} i n [1 / 2, 1 a n g l e

then the semigroup

S

is ergodic but the Poincar'e inequality is only valid locally. smallskip Finally we discuss the implication of these results for the kernel of the semigroup

S

.

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