Persistent homology and the upper box dimension

DOI10.1007/S00454-019-00145-3MaRDI QIDQ2227236zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 10 February 2021

Published in Discrete \& Computational Geometry (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.00533

extremal combinatorics fractal geometry metric geometry persistent homology upper box dimension

Extremal combinatorics (05D99) Fractals (28A80) Conformal densities and Hausdorff dimension for holomorphic dynamical systems (37F35) Persistent homology and applications, topological data analysis (55N31) Probability measures on topological spaces (60B05) Statistics on metric spaces (62R20) Topological data analysis (62R40)

Abstract: We introduce a fractal dimension for a metric space defined in terms of the persistent homology of extremal subsets of that space. We exhibit hypotheses under which this dimension is comparable to the upper box dimension; in particular, the dimensions coincide for subsets of

m a t h b b R^{2}

whose upper box dimension exceeds

1.5.

These results are related to extremal questions about the number of persistent homology intervals of a set of

n

points in a metric space.

Review text

This paper introduces and investigates a notion of dimension for a metric space defined with respect to the persistent homology of the space. Specifically, the \(PH_i\)-dimension of a metric space \(X\) is defined as follows. We can compute the Čech complex of a subset of the metric space \(\mathsf{x} \subset X\) at distance \(r\), defined as the nerve of the union of balls of radius \(r\) centered at the points of \(\mathsf{x}\). Studying this for a varying parameter \(r\) gives a filtration of simplicial complexes; applying the homology functor to this sequence gives a persistence module and the result can be summarized in a persistence diagram. A persistence diagram, denoted \(PH_i(X)\) for homology dimension \(i\), is a collection of points \((b,d)\) in the upper half plane representing the distances for which a homological feature appeared (``born at \(r = b\)) and disappeared (``dies at \(r=d\)). For this reason, the value \((d-b)\) is often called the ``lifetime of the class represented by the point \((b,d)\). Letting \[E_\alpha^i(\mathsf{x}) = \sum_{(b,d) \in PH_i(\mathsf{x})}(d-b)^\alpha\] the \(PH_i\) dimension is defined to be \[ \dim_{PH}^i(X) = \inf \{ \alpha \mid \exists C \text{ with } E_\alpha^i(\mathsf{x}) <C \; \forall \text{ finite subsets }\mathsf{x} \subseteq X \}. \] The rest of the paper is dedicated to understanding the relationship between \(\dim_{PH}^i\) and the box dimension. In particular, for \(i=0\), \(\dim_{PH}^0(X) = \dim_{box}\). However, the author gives an example of a space where the closely related \(\dim_{\widetilde{PH}}^1\) (which uses Rips instead of Čech complexes) is strictly greater than \(\dim_{box}\). He also shows that for large enough box dimension, \(\dim_{PH}^1 = \dim_{box}\) and conjectures that such a constant exists for higher dimensions \(i>1\).

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