Structure monoids of set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation

Abstract: Given a set-theoretic solution

(X, r)

of the Yang--Baxter equation, we denote by

M = M (X, r)

the structure monoid and by

A = A (X, r)

, respectively

A^{'} = A^{'} (X, r)

, the left, respectively right, derived structure monoid of

(X, r)

. It is shown that there exist a left action of

M

on

A

and a right action of

M

on

A^{'}

and 1-cocycles

p i

and

p i^{'}

of

M

with coefficients in

A

and in

A^{'}

with respect to these actions respectively. We investigate when the 1-cocycles are injective, surjective or bijective. In case

X

is finite, it turns out that

p i

is bijective if and only if

(X, r)

is left non-degenerate, and

p i^{'}

is bijective if and only if

(X, r)

is right non-degenerate. In case

(X, r)

is left non-degenerate, in particular

p i

is bijective, we define a semi-truss structure on

M (X, r)

and then we show that this naturally induces a set-theoretic solution

on the least cancellative image

of

M (X, r)

. In case

X

is naturally embedded in

M (X, r) / e t a

, for example when

(X, r)

is irretractable, then

is an extension of

r

. It also is shown that non-degenerate irretractable solutions necessarily are bijective.

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