On the zeros of asymptotically extremal polynomial sequences in the plane

DOI10.1016/J.JAT.2014.10.003MaRDI QIDQ2255303zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Nikos S. Stylianopoulos, E. B. Saff

Publication date 9 February 2015

Published in Journal of Approximation Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.0726

balayage equilibrium measure extremal polynomials zeros of polynomials

Polynomials and rational functions of one complex variable (30C10) Schwarz-Christoffel-type mappings (30C30) Coefficient problems for univalent and multivalent functions of one complex variable (30C50) Potentials and capacity, harmonic measure, extremal length and related notions in two dimensions (31A15) Approximation by polynomials (41A10)

Abstract: Let

E

be a compact set of positive logarithmic capacity in the complex plane and let

{P_{n} (z)}_{1}^{i n f t y}

be a sequence of asymptotically extremal monic polynomials for

E

in the sense that �egin{equation*}%label{} limsup_{n oinfty}|P_n|_E^{1/n}lemathrm{cap}(E). end{equation*} The purpose of this note is to provide sufficient geometric conditions on

E

under which the (full) sequence of normalized counting measures of the zeros of

P_{n}

converges in the weak-star topology to the equilibrium measure on

E

, as

n o i n f t y .

Utilizing an argument of Gardiner and Pommerenke dealing with the balayage of measures, we show that this is true, for example, if the interior of the polynomial convex hull of

E

has a single component and the boundary of this component has an "inward corner" (more generally, a "non-convex singularity"). This simple fact has thus far not been sufficiently emphasized in the literature. As applications we mention improvements of some known results on the distribution of zeros of some special polynomial sequences.

Review text

Let \(E\subset \mathbb{C}\) be a compact set with positive logarithmic capacity \(\mathrm{cap}(E)\). It is known that the sequence of normalized counting measures of the zeros of a sequence of Fekete polynomials \((P_{n})\) for \(E\) is weak* convergent to the equilibrium measure of \(E\). This needs not be the case for a sequence of monic polynomials \((P_{n})\) which is merely asymptotically extremal in the sense that \(\lim \sup_{n\rightarrow \infty}\left\| P_{n}\right\| _{E}^{1/n}\leq \mathrm{cap}(E)\). However, the present paper establishes the above weak* convergence property for this wider class of sequences \((P_{n})\) when \(E\) satisfies certain geometric conditions. For example, this holds when the boundary of each component of \(F^{\circ }\) has an inward pointing corner, where \(F\) denotes the polynomially convex hull of \(E\). The proof, which is elegant, builds on an argument of \textit{S. J. Gardiner} and \textit{C. Pommerenke} [Constr. Approx. 18, No. 3, 417--426 (2002; Zbl 1025.30024)] concerning the balayage of measures. The authors provide an extensive account of applications and connections with other literature.

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