Connections between discriminants and the root distribution of polynomials with rational generating function

Abstract: Let

H_{m} (z)

be a sequence of polynomials whose generating function

s u m_{m = 0}^{i n f t y} H_{m} (z) t^{m}

is the reciprocal of a bivariate polynomial

D (t, z)

. We show that in the three cases

D (t, z) = 1 + B (z) t + A (z) t^{2}

,

D (t, z) = 1 + B (z) t + A (z) t^{3}

and

D (t, z) = 1 + B (z) t + A (z) t^{4}

, where

A (z)

and

B (z)

are any polynomials in

z

with complex coefficients, the roots of

H_{m} (z)

lie on a portion of a real algebraic curve whose equation is explicitly given. The proofs involve the

q

-analogue of the discriminant, a concept introduced by Mourad Ismail.

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